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A noninvasive method to remove kleptocnidae for testing their role in defence

机译:一种非侵入性的方法来去除科,以测试其在防御中的作用

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摘要

Aeolid nudibranchs are delicate, shell-less marine snails that are often well defended against predators, and many authors attribute this to the nematocysts that aeolids sequester from their cnidarian prey (kleptocnidae). However, we still lack direct experimental evidence for the defensive efficacy of kleptocnidae, even after over 100 years of study (Edmunds, 1966, 2009; Harris, 1973; Thompson, 1976; Todd, 1981). Although many aeolids also possess chemical defensive glands (Edmunds, 1966), their potential contribution to defence is typically ignored (Cimino & Ghiselin, 2001). Experimental designs have failed to test separately the relative defensive roles of secondary chemicals vs kleptocnidae, leading to both historical and recent debates (Edmunds, 2009; Greenwood, 2009; Marin, 2009; Penney, 2009). Tests directly comparing the palatability of unmodified aeolids with individuals of the same species lacking kleptocnidae would provide clarity (Edmunds, 2009), but such studies have proved difficult because the cerata that house the kleptocnidae also bear the chemical defensive glands (Edmunds, 1966, 2009; Greenwood, 1988, 2009; Hand, 1994–1996). Therefore, ablative experiments cannot produce nudibranchs lacking kleptocnidae, but with unaltered chemical defence.
机译:风神裸udi科动物是无壳的细腻,无壳的海洋蜗牛,通常能很好地抵御捕食者,许多人将其归因于风虫从其刺胞捕食者(kleptocnidae)中隔离的线虫囊。但是,即使经过100多年的研究,我们仍然没有直接的实验证明kleptocnidae的防御功效(Edmunds,1966,2009; Harris,1973; Thompson,1976; Todd,1981)。尽管许多风神还具有化学防御腺体(Edmunds,1966),但它们对防御的潜在贡献通常被忽略(Cimino&Ghiselin,2001)。实验设计未能单独测试次生化学物质与角鲨科的相对防御作用,导致历史和最近的争论(Edmunds,2009; Greenwood,2009; Marin,2009; Penney,2009)。直接比较未修饰的风神与缺乏短脚虫科的相同物种的适口性的测试可提供清晰性(Edmunds,2009),但这种研究已被证明是困难的,因为容纳短脚虫科的cerata还具有化学防御腺体(Edmunds,1966,2009) ; Greenwood,1988,2009; Hand,1994-1996)。因此,烧蚀性实验不能产生缺乏鳞科的裸n,但化学防御力未改变。

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