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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Molluscan Studies >The phylogeny of the Acteonoidea (Gastropoda): molecular systematics and first detailed morphological study of Rictaxis punctocaelatus (Carpenter, 1864)
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The phylogeny of the Acteonoidea (Gastropoda): molecular systematics and first detailed morphological study of Rictaxis punctocaelatus (Carpenter, 1864)

机译：Acteonoidea（Gastropoda）的系统发育：Rictaxis punctocaelatus的分子系统学和首次详细形态学研究（Carpenter，1864年）

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The Acteonoidea are a taxon of about 150 species with uncertain systematic affinity. They have been variously regarded as basal Opisthobranchia, as Architectibranchia, or placed basal to Opisthobranchia together with other heterobranch clades with uncertain interrelationships. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses employing four gene markers (nuclear 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA; mitochondrial 16S rDNA and COI) to reassess the phylogenetic position of Acteonoidea and provide the first comprehensive study on interrelationships of the constituent families. Our analyses reveal a sister-group relationship of the Acteonoidea to the 'lower' heterobranch taxon Rissoelloidea, implying a basal placement outside the Opisthobranchia. However, the Acteonoidea/Rissoelloidea clade is sister group to the morphologically derived opisthobranch clade Nudipleura, implying an opisthobranch origin. Regarding the interrelationships of the Acteonoidea, the current division into three families is challenged by recovery of only two clades. The genus Bullina (sole genus in Bullinidae) resolves as a member of the Aplustridae, which is thus rendered paraphyletic. The Acteonidae are paraphyletic due to the strongly supported position of Rictaxis punctocaelatus basal to the Aplustridae. The first detailed investigation of the morphology and histology of R. punctocaelatus revealed similarities with both Acteonidae and Aplustridae, implying an intermediate position. Owing to the placement of R. punctocaelatus basal to the Aplustridae, the shared acteonid characters are therefore considered plesiomorphic for the whole Acteonoidea and are probably the features of the last common ancestor of the clade.
机译：Acteonoidea是大约150种的分类单元，具有不确定的系统亲和力。它们被不同地认为是基础的阿皮斯支气管，或者被认为是基础的阿皮斯支气管，或者与其他具有不确定的相互关系的杂枝进化支一起被放置在阿皮斯的支气管。我们使用四个基因标记（核18S rDNA和28S rDNA;线粒体16S rDNA和COI）进行了分子系统发育分析，以重新评估猕猴桃的系统发生位置，并首次进行了有关组成家族之间相互关系的全面研究。我们的分析揭示了Acteonoidea与“较低”的异枝分类群Rissoelloidea的姐妹群关系，这意味着在Opisthobranchia的基础位置。然而，Acteonoidea / Rissoelloidea进化枝是形态上衍生的阿波罗氏分支Nudipleura的姊妹群，这暗示了阿波罗氏分支。关于Acteonoidea的相互关系，目前分为三个科的挑战是仅恢复两个进化枝。 Bullina属（Bullinidae的唯一属）分解为Aplustridae的成员，因此成为寄生虫。猕猴科是副鞭毛科的，这是由于Ricctaxis punctocaelatus在棘足动物基部的强烈支持。首次对刺点罗非鱼的形态和组织学进行详细调查后发现，它与Acteonidae和Aplustridae都相似，这表明它处于中间位置。由于将刺.R。punctocaelatus安置在棘足动物的基部，因此，共有的Acteonid字符被认为是整个Acteonoidea的拟形，并且可能是进化枝的最后一个共同祖先的特征。

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