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首页> 外文期刊>Clinics in dermatology >Physical and chemical injuries to eyes and eyelids
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Physical and chemical injuries to eyes and eyelids

机译：眼睛和眼皮受到物理和化学伤害

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Ocular and periocular injuries are common reasons for emergency department visits. In fact, an estimated 2 million Americans suffer ocular injuries each year. Evaluation and treatment of physical and chemical injuries to the eyes and eyelids begin with a systematic examination. Visual acuity and pupillary reaction should be assessed first. Evaluation of the eye should precede examination of the periocular structures due to the potential for causing further damage to a full-thickness ocular injury with manipulation of the eyelids. Physical injuries to the eyes and periocular structures include lacerations, abrasions, foreign bodies, and open globe injuries and can range from minor irritation to visual devastation. Chemical injuries can be divided into alkali and acid injuries. Alkali burns are more common, due to the prevalent use of alkali substances in industrial and home cleaning applications, and usually result in more serious injuries. Definitive care of chemical injuries ranges from topical antibiotics to full-thickness skin grafts with the goal of preventing cicatricial scarring and exposure of the ocular surface. Familiarity with the various types of ocular and periocular injuries is important for all medical professionals and is critical to providing the most appropriate management. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc.
机译：眼部和眼周受伤是急诊就诊的常见原因。实际上，估计每年有200万美国人遭受眼外伤。对眼和眼睑的物理和化学损伤的评估和治疗始于系统的检查。首先应评估视力和瞳孔反应。眼睛的评估应在检查眼周结构之前进行，因为有可能通过操纵眼睑对全厚度眼部损伤造成进一步损害。眼睛和眼周结构的身体伤害包括撕裂伤，擦伤，异物和裸眼损伤，范围从轻微刺激到视觉破坏。化学伤害可分为碱伤害和酸伤害。由于在工业和家庭清洁应用中普遍使用碱物质，因此碱烧伤更为常见，通常会导致更严重的伤害。对化学损伤的明确治疗从局部抗生素到全厚度皮肤移植，范围广泛，目的是防止瘢痕形成疤痕和眼表暴露。熟悉各种眼部和眼周损伤对所有医疗专业人员都很重要，对于提供最适当的管理至关重要。 （C）2015年由Elsevier Inc.出版

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