Olfaction in Parkinson's disease: methods of assessment and clinical relevance.

Liberini P; Parola S; Spano PF; Antonini L

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Olfaction in Parkinson's disease: methods of assessment and clinical relevance.

机译：帕金森氏病的嗅觉：评估方法和临床相关性。

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Several neurological conditions have been reported to be associated with peripheral or central deficits of olfactory system. In recent years particular emphasis has been placed on the early and severe olfactory impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD), in which limited neuropathological studies have revealed a marked dopaminergic deficit in the olfactory tubercles. Moreover, indirect evidence suggests that dysfunction of the dopaminergic pathways from mesencephalon to the piriform cortex may play a role in olfactory impairment in PD. A large number of clinical studies have reported that olfactory loss in idiopathic PD is bilateral, present in hemiparkinsonism, unrelated to the stage or clinical subtype of the disease, and independent of antiparkinsonian medication. In addition, major olfactory alterations have been reported in familial PD and dementia with Lewy bodies but not in progressive supranuclear palsy and essential tremor. These findings might stimulate further research targeted to determine the biological substrate of dissimilar olfactory performances in these movement disorders. The present review summarizes standardized procedures for the assessment of olfactory acuity (detection threshold), identification (multiple choice odor naming), discrimination (differentiation between similar/dissimilar odorants), and memory (recognition of a substance previously smelled). Specific suggestions concerning the psychometric and neuropsychological evaluation of PD patients are provided.

机译：据报道有几种神经系统疾病与嗅觉系统的周围或中央缺陷有关。近年来，特别重视帕金森氏病（PD）的早期和严重嗅觉障碍，其中有限的神经病理学研究显示，嗅觉结节中存在明显的多巴胺能缺陷。此外，间接证据表明，从中脑到梨状皮质的多巴胺能途径功能障碍可能在PD的嗅觉障碍中起作用。大量的临床研究报告说，特发性PD的嗅觉丧失是双侧的，存在于半帕金森病中，与疾病的分期或临床亚型无关，并且与抗帕金森病药物无关。此外，在家族性PD和痴呆伴路易体中，已报告了主要的嗅觉改变，但在进行性核上性麻痹和原发性震颤中则没有。这些发现可能会刺激针对确定这些运动障碍中不同嗅觉表现的生物底物的进一步研究。本综述总结了用于评估嗅觉敏锐度（检测阈值），识别（多选气味命名），辨别力（区分相似/不同气味的物质）和记忆（识别先前闻到的物质）的标准化程序。提供了有关PD患者心理和神经心理学评估的具体建议。

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《Journal of neurology》 |2000年第2期|共9页
作者
Liberini P; Parola S; Spano PF; Antonini L;
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中图分类神经病学与精神病学;
关键词
Olfactory Pathways; Parkinson Disease; 嗅通路; 帕金森病;

机译：Olfactory Pathways;Parkinson Disease;嗅通路;帕金森病;

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1. Olfaction in Parkinson's disease: methods of assessment and clinical relevance. [J] . Liberini P, Parola S, Spano PF, Journal of neurology . 2000,第2期

机译：帕金森氏病的嗅觉：评估方法和临床相关性。
2. Parkinson Disease and Sleep: Sleep–Wake Changes in the Premotor Stage of Parkinson Disease; Impaired Olfaction and Other Prodromal Features [J] . Alex Iranzo Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports . 2013,第9期

机译：帕金森病和睡眠：帕金森病运动前阶段的睡眠-觉醒变化；嗅觉障碍和其他前驱特征
3. Risk factors for Parkinson's disease and impaired olfaction in relatives of patients with Parkinson's disease. [J] . Siderowf A, Jennings D, Connolly J, Movement disorders . 2007,第15期

机译：帕金森氏病和帕金森氏病患者亲属嗅觉受损的危险因素。
4. A reliability assessment software using Kinect to complement the clinical evaluation of Parkinson's disease [C] . Arango Paredes Juan David, Munoz Beatriz, Agredo Wilfredo, Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society . 2015

机译：使用Kinect补充帕金森病的临床评价的可靠性评估软件
5. Role of the prolyl isomerase Pin1 in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and neuroprotection by novel targeted compounds in pre-clinical animal models of the disease [D] . Ghosh, Anamitra 2012

机译：脯氨酰异构酶Pin1在帕金森氏病的发病机理和新型靶向化合物对神经疾病的临床前动物模型中的作用
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Olfaction in Parkinson's disease: methods of assessment and clinical relevance.

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