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首页> 外文期刊>Clinics in dermatology >Changing paradigms in dermatology: antivirals in dermatology.
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Changing paradigms in dermatology: antivirals in dermatology.

机译：改变皮肤病学的范式：皮肤病学中的抗病毒药。

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Almost all of the approved antiviral drugs have become available during the past two decades. Approximately one half of these agents are for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and comprise five classes. The first three classes all act to inhibit reverse transcriptase: nucleoside analogs; nonnucleoside analogs; and nucleotide analogs. The fourth class, protease inhibitors, prevent viral packaging; the fifth class, fusion inhibitors, prevent fusion between HIV and the target cell. Four nucleoside analogs, acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir and penciclovir, are approved for the therapy of herpes simplex and varicella zoster infections. Interferon alpha is approved in the injectable form for condyloma acuminatum and Kaposi's sarcoma, but the more efficient method of delivering this agent is via interferon induction following topical use of imiquimod cream. Antiviral agents are also approved for infections with cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B and C, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza viruses. Most of these antiviral drugs are virastatic and not viracidal. Vaccines and public health measures are much more effective and cost effective than antiviral drugs and must be promoted accordingly in the defense against viral infections.
机译：在过去的二十年中，几乎所有已批准的抗病毒药物都已上市。这些药物中约有一半用于治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染，分为五类。前三类均起抑制逆转录酶的作用：核苷类似物;非核苷类似物;和核苷酸类似物。第四类，蛋白酶抑制剂，防止病毒包装;第五类，融合抑制剂，可防止HIV与靶细胞之间的融合。批准了四种核苷类似物，阿昔洛韦，伐昔洛韦，泛昔洛韦和喷昔洛韦，用于治疗单纯疱疹和水痘带状疱疹感染。干扰素α可以注射形式用于尖锐湿疣和卡波西氏肉瘤，但更有效的递送方法是在局部使用咪喹莫特乳膏后通过干扰素诱导。抗病毒剂也被批准用于巨细胞病毒，乙型和丙型肝炎，呼吸道合胞病毒和流感病毒的感染。这些抗病毒药物大多数是病毒抑制剂，而不是病毒酸性药物。疫苗和公共卫生措施比抗病毒药物更为有效和具有成本效益，因此必须在防御病毒感染方面加以推广。

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