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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of personality and social psychology >Benevolent cognitions as a strategy of relationship maintenance: 'Don't sweat the small stuff'.... But it is not all small stuff
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Benevolent cognitions as a strategy of relationship maintenance: 'Don't sweat the small stuff'.... But it is not all small stuff

机译：仁慈的认知是维持关系的一种策略：“不要为小事大汗淋漓”……但是，这并非全都是小事

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摘要

To maintain intimate relationships in the face of negative experiences, many recommend cognitive strategies that minimize the implications of those experiences for global evaluations of the relationship. But are such strategies always adaptive? Suggesting otherwise, 2 longitudinal studies spanning the 1st 4 years of 251 new marriages revealed that the effects of benevolent cognitions on relationship development depended on the initial levels of negativity in the relationship. Cross-sectionally, the tendency to make positive attributions or otherwise disengage global evaluations of the relationship from negative experiences was associated with higher levels of satisfaction in marriages characterized by more frequent negative behavior and more severe problems. Longitudinally, in contrast, such strategies only demonstrated benefits to healthier marriages, whereas they predicted steeper declines in satisfaction among spouses in more troubled marriages by allowing marital problems to worsen over time. These findings highlight the limits of purely cognitive theories of relationship maintenance and suggest that widely recommended strategies for improving relationships may harm vulnerable couples by weakening their motivations to address their problems directly.
机译：为了在面对负面经历时保持亲密关系，许多人建议采用认知策略，以最大程度地减少这些经历对这种关系的整体评估的影响。但是，这种策略是否总是自适应的？另有建议的是，两项针对251个新婚姻的第一个4年的纵向研究表明，仁慈的认知对关系发展的影响取决于关系中消极的初始水平。从截面上看，对婚姻关系做出积极归因或以其他方式脱离对负面经历的整体评价的趋势与婚姻中的满意度较高有关，婚姻的特征是更频繁地出现负面行为和更严重的问题。相反，从纵向上看，这样的策略仅显示出有益于健康婚姻的好处，而他们却预测，随着婚姻问题的恶化，夫妻间满意度的急剧下降将使婚姻问题更加恶化。这些发现突显了纯粹的维持关系的认知理论的局限性，并提出了广泛推荐的改善关系的策略可能会削弱弱势夫妻直接解决问题的动力，从而伤害他们。

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