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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of personality and social psychology >Wanting to Maximize the Positive and Minimize the Negative: Implications for Mixed Affective Experience in American and Chinese Contexts
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Wanting to Maximize the Positive and Minimize the Negative: Implications for Mixed Affective Experience in American and Chinese Contexts

机译：想要最大程度地增加积极性而最小化否定性：对美国和中国语境中混合情感体验的启示

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摘要

Previous studies have demonstrated that European Americans have fewer mixed affective experiences (i.e., are less likely to experience the bad with the good) compared with Chinese. In this article, we argue that these cultural differences are due to "ideal affect," or how people ideally want to feel. Specifically, we predict that people from individualistic cultures want to maximize positive and minimize negative affect more than people from collectivistic cultures, and as a result, they are less likely to actually experience mixed emotions (reflected by a more negative within-person correlation between actual positive and negative affect). We find support for this prediction in 2 experience sampling studies conducted in the United States and China (Studies 1 and 2). In addition, we demonstrate that ideal affect is a distinct construct from dialectical view of the self, which has also been related to mixed affective experience (Study 3). Finally, in Study 4, we demonstrate that experimentally manipulating the desire to maximize the positive and minimize the negative alters participants' actual experience of mixed emotions during a pleasant (but not unpleasant or combined pleasant and unpleasant) TV clip in the United States and Hong Kong. Together, these findings suggest that across cultures, how people want to feel shapes how they actually feel, particularly people's experiences of mixed affect.
机译：先前的研究表明，与华人相比，欧美人的混合情感体验较少（即，善恶经历的可能性较小）。在本文中，我们认为这些文化差异是由于“理想的影响”或人们理想的感受所致。具体而言，我们预测来自个人主义文化的人们比来自集体主义文化的人们更希望最大化积极影响和最小化负面影响，因此，他们不太可能实际经历混合情绪（反映为实际人与人之间的负相关性更大）正面和负面影响）。我们在美国和中国进行的2项经验抽样研究（研究1和2）中发现了对这一预测的支持。此外，我们证明理想情感是与自我的辩证观点截然不同的建构，这也与混合情感体验有关（研究3）。最后，在研究4中，我们证明了在美国和香港，通过实验来操纵使正数最大化和使负数最小化的愿望，可以改变参与者在愉快的（但不是不愉快的或愉快和不愉快的结合）电视剪辑中混合情绪的实际体验。孔这些发现共同表明，在各种文化中，人们想要的感受会影响他们的实际感受，尤其是人们的混合情感体验。

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