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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Physics, D. Applied Physics: A Europhysics Journal >Keyhole shapes during laser welding of thin metal sheets
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Keyhole shapes during laser welding of thin metal sheets

机译：薄金属板激光焊接过程中的锁孔形状

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摘要

Camera observations of the full penetration keyhole laser welding process show that the keyhole shape is elongated under certain welding conditions. Under these unfavourable circumstances, the welding process is susceptible to holes in the weld bead. Existing models of the pressure balance at the keyhole wall cannot explain this keyhole elongation. In this paper a new model is presented, accounting for the doubly curved shape of the keyhole wall. In this model, the surface tension pressure has one term that tends to close the keyhole and another term that tries to open it. Model calculations show that when the keyhole diameter is of the same order as the sheet thickness, the latter part can become dominant, causing the keyhole to elongate. Experiments on thin aluminium (AA5182) and mild steel (DC04) sheets verify these model calculations. As the keyhole radius depends on the radius of the focused laser spot, it was found for both materials that the ratio of the spot radius and the sheet thickness must be above a critical value to prevent keyhole elongation. These critical radii are0.25 for AA5182 and 0.4 for DC04, respectively. Furthermore, differences in appearance of the weld bead between the circular and the elongated keyhole welds could be explained by this model.
机译：摄像头对全穿透锁孔激光焊接过程的观察表明，在某些焊接条件下，锁孔形状会变长。在这些不利情况下，焊接过程易受焊道中孔的影响。锁孔壁上压力平衡的现有模型无法解释该锁孔伸长率。本文提出了一种新模型，该模型考虑了锁孔壁的双重弯曲形状。在此模型中，表面张力压力有一个趋于关闭锁孔的术语，而另一个趋向于将其打开。模型计算表明，当锁孔直径与板材厚度相同时，后者会占主导地位，导致锁孔拉长。在薄铝板（AA5182）和低碳钢（DC04）上进行的实验验证了这些模型计算。由于锁孔的半径取决于聚焦的激光光斑的半径，因此发现对于两种材料而言，光斑半径与薄片厚度的比率必须高于临界值，以防止锁孔伸长。对于AA5182，这些临界半径分别是0.25和0.4，对于DC04。此外，圆形和细长键孔焊缝之间的焊缝外观差异可以用该模型来解释。

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