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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Plant Protection Research >Incidence of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary on potato and tomato in Maine, 2006-2010
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Incidence of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary on potato and tomato in Maine, 2006-2010

机译：2006-2010年缅因州马铃薯和番茄疫病疫霉的发病情况

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摘要

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is a devastating disease which is found worldwide. In Maine, United States (US), we recorded late blight on potato and tomato during the 2006-2009 cropping seasons. From 2006 to 2008, over90% of the diseased samples were collected in potato fields from northern and central Aroostook County in Northern Maine, US. Then, in 2009, an unprecedented influx of inoculum on infected tomato transplants shipped to retail garden centers throughout the Northeast US significantly changed the late blight infection patterns. In 2009,43% of diseased samples obtained were from tomato, and 57% from potato, and disease was found to occur all over the state. Moran's index and spatial autocorrelation analysis of disease occurrence, geographical locations, host factors, and infection levels from previous years, were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Therefore, random distributions of late blight incidences were recorded across locations and years. Nearest neighbor analysis revealed that mean spatial distances for late blight occurrence ranged from L51 to 71.4 km from 2006 to 2008, and 7.4 to 126.5 km in 2009. The frequency and locations of late blight outbreaks in 2009 were substantially greater than in 2006, 2007, and 2008, as affected by the influx of inoculum and movement of infected tomato seedlings as well as conducive environmental conditions. All were contributing factors for late blight occurrence in Maine. In 2010, few disease samples werecollected, indicating that the influx of inoculum in 2009 did not persist to cause widespread disease in 2010. The reduction of inocula sources, fungicide protection of susceptible hosts, and the removal and destruction of infected tomato seedlings andpotato cull piles or volunteer plants, can greatly reduce late blight occurrences and improve potato production. These actions should be considered as an integral part of late blight management programmes in regions where late bUght commonly occurs.
机译：晚疫病是由晚疫病疫霉（Monte de de Bary）引起的，是一种破坏性疾病，在世界范围内都发现。在美国缅因州，我们记录了2006-2009种植季节马铃薯和番茄的晚疫病。从2006年到2008年，超过90％的病样采集自美国缅因州北部和中部Aroostook县的马铃薯田。然后，在2009年，史无前例的接种物大量流入被感染的番茄移植物，这些番茄被运往美国东北部的零售花园中心，从而大大改变了晚疫病的感染方式。 2009年，有病样本中有43％来自番茄，有57％来自马铃薯，发现该病遍及全州。对前几年疾病发生率，地理位置，宿主因素和感染水平的Moran指数和空间自相关分析在统计上均无统计学意义（p> 0.05）。因此，记录了各地和年份的晚疫病发病率的随机分布。最近的邻居分析显示，晚疫病发生的平均空间距离从2006年到2008年介于L51至71.4 km之间，2009年为7.4至126.5km。2009年晚疫病爆发的频率和位置大大大于2006年，2007年，和2008年，受接种量和受感染番茄幼苗的移动以及有利的环境条件的影响。所有这些都是导致缅因州晚疫病发生的因素。 2010年收集的病害样品很少，这表明2009年接种物的涌入并没有持续造成2010年的大范围疾病。减少接种源，对易感宿主进行杀真菌剂保护以及清除和破坏受感染的番茄幼苗和马铃薯剔骨桩或志愿植物，可以大大减少晚疫病的发生并提高马铃薯的产量。在通常发生晚疫病的地区，应将这些行动视为晚疫病管理计划的组成部分。

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