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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of psychopharmacology >Effects of d-amphetamine upon psychosocial stress responses
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Effects of d-amphetamine upon psychosocial stress responses

机译：d-苯异丙胺对社会心理应激反应的影响

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Psychostimulant drugs alter the salience of stimuli in both laboratory animals and humans. In animals, stimulants increase rates of responding to conditioned incentive stimuli, and in humans, amphetamine increases positive ratings of emotional images. However, the effects of stimulants on real-life emotional events have not been studied in humans. In this study, we examined the effect of d-amphetamine on responses to acute psychosocial stress using a public speaking task. Healthy volunteers (N=56) participated in two experimental sessions, one with a psychosocial stressor (the Trier Social Stress Test) and one with a non-stressful control task. They were randomly assigned to receive d-amphetamine (5 mg n=18, 10 mg n=20) or placebo (n=18) on both sessions under double blind conditions. Salivary cortisol, subjective mood, and vital signs were measured at regular intervals during the session. Subjects also provided cognitive appraisals of the tasks before and after their performances. Amphetamine produced its expected mood and physiological effects, and the Trier Social Stress Test produced its expected effects on cortisol and mood. Although neither dose of amphetamine altered cardiovascular or hormonal responses to stress, amphetamine (10 mg) increased participants' pre-task appraisals of how challenging the task would be, and it increased post-task ratings of self-efficacy. Paradoxically, it also increased ratings of how stressful the task was, and prolonged aversive emotional responses. These findings suggest that amphetamine differentially affects stress response components: it may increase participants' appraisals of self-efficacy without dampening the direct emotional or physiological responses to the stress.
机译：刺激性药物会改变实验动物和人类的刺激显着性。在动物中，兴奋剂提高了对条件刺激的响应率，而在人类中，苯丙胺提高了情感形象的积极评价。但是，尚未在人类中研究兴奋剂对现实生活中情绪事件的影响。在这项研究中，我们使用公开演讲任务检查了d-苯异丙胺对急性社会心理压力反应的影响。健康的志愿者（N = 56）参加了两次实验，一次接受心理社会压力源（特里尔社会压力测试），另一次接受非压力控制任务。在双盲条件下，将他们随机分配在两个疗程中接受d-苯异丙胺（5毫克n = 18，10毫克n = 20）或安慰剂（n = 18）。在会议期间定期测量唾液皮质醇，主观情绪和生命体征。受试者还对表演前后的任务进行了认知评估。苯丙胺产生了预期的情绪和生理效果，特里尔社会压力测试产生了预期的对皮质醇和情绪的影响。尽管苯丙胺的剂量均未改变心血管或激素对压力的反应，但苯丙胺（10毫克）可提高参与者对任务前挑战性的评估，并提高任务后自我效能的评估。矛盾的是，它也增加了任务压力的等级，并延长了反感情绪。这些发现表明，苯丙胺会不同地影响压力反应的组成部分：它可能会增加参与者对自我效能的评估，而不会减弱对压力的直接情绪或生理反应。

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