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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience: JPN >Psychiatry's age of enlightenment: optogenetics and the discovery of novel targets for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Psychiatry's age of enlightenment: optogenetics and the discovery of novel targets for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

机译：精神病学的启蒙时代：光遗传学和治疗精神疾病的新靶标的发现。

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摘要

A major goal of neuroscience has been to understand the systems-level neural processes governing higher-order functions, such as perception, cognition and emotion. Until recently, however, achievement of this goal has been limited by a lack of neuromodulatory tools capable of targeting distinct populations of neurons, based on either genetic identity or circuit connectivity, in behaving animals with the temporal precision required for causality testing. Such a tool would finally enable direct linkage of distinct neural activity patterns to behaviour. Since its inception in 2005, the field of optogenetics has been responsible for the rapid progress in our understanding of the intricate neural circuit elements driving emotive behaviours relevant to psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, anxiety, depression and bipolar disorder. By using light pulses to turn specific populations of neurons on and off in awake, freely moving animals, optogenetics has finally provided science with a tool that has the spatial and temporal resolution required to causally link neural activity patterns to behaviour.
机译：神经科学的主要目标是了解控制更高阶功能（例如感知，认知和情感）的系统级神经过程。然而，直到最近，该目标的实现还受到缺乏能够基于遗传同一性或电路连通性以行为进行因果关系测试所需的时间精度的动物而针对神经元不同种群的神经调节工具的限制。这样的工具最终将使不同的神经活动模式与行为直接链接。自2005年成立以来，光遗传学领域一直在推动我们对复杂的神经回路元件（与精神分裂症，焦虑症，抑郁症和双相情感障碍等疾病有关）的情绪行为进行驱动的理解的迅速进展。通过使用光脉冲打开或关闭清醒自由移动的动物中特定的神经元种群，光遗传学终于为科学提供了一种工具，该工具具有将神经活动模式与行为联系起来所需的时空分辨率。

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