BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that there may be a parent-of-origin effect for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) candidate genes. The objective of the present study was to investigate parent-of-origin effects using a genome-wide association analysis of the International Multicentre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study sample. METHODS: Family-based association analysis for ADHD using 846 ADHD probands and their parents was performed using the PLINK program, and parent-of-origin effects were studied using a Z score for the difference in paternal versus maternal odds ratios. RESULTS: We identified 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing parent-of-origin effects at a significance level of p < 0.001. The most significant SNP, rs7614907, is at position 3q13.33 in the CDGAP gene (p = 0.000064 for parent-of-origin effect). Furthermore, 2 genes (FAS and PDLIM1) showed moderate parent-of-origin effects (p = 0.00086 for rs9658691 and p = 0.00077 for rs11188249) and strong maternal transmission (p = 0.000059 for rs9658691 and p = 0.0000068 for rs11188249). In addition, ZNF775 showed a moderate parent-of-origin effect (p = 0.00036 for rs7790549) and strong paternal transmission (p = 0.000041 for rs7790549). LIMITATIONS: We only had 1 sample available for analysis. CONCLUSION: These results suggest several genes or regions with moderate parent-of-origin effects, and these findings will serve as a resource for replication in other populations to elucidate the potential role of these genetic variants in ADHD.
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机译：背景：先前的研究表明，注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）候选基因可能有母本效应。本研究的目的是使用国际多中心ADHD遗传学（IMAGE）研究样本的全基因组关联分析来研究起源父母的影响。方法：使用PLINK程序对846名ADHD先证者及其父母进行了基于家庭的ADHD关联分析，并使用Z评分研究了父母与母亲几率之比的差异对父母的原产地影响。结果：我们鉴定出44个单核苷酸多态性（SNP），它们在p <0.001的显着性水平上显示出了母本效应。最重要的SNP rs7614907位于CDGAP基因的3q13.33位置（对于母体效应，p = 0.000064）。此外，2个基因（FAS和PDLIM1）表现出中等的产地来源效应（rs9658691 p = 0.00086，rs11188249 p = 0.00077）和强母体传播（rs9658691 p = 0.000059，rs11188249 p = 0.0000068）。此外，ZNF775显示出中等的原产地效应（对于rs7790549为p = 0.00036）和强烈的父系传播（对于rs7790549为p = 0.000041）。局限性：我们只有1个样本可供分析。结论：这些结果表明了几个具有中等起源亲本效应的基因或区域，这些发现将作为在其他人群中复制的资源，以阐明这些遗传变异在ADHD中的潜在作用。
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