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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of receptor and signal transduction research >Aspects on the integrative actions of the brain from neural networks to 'brain-body medicine'
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Aspects on the integrative actions of the brain from neural networks to 'brain-body medicine'

机译：从神经网络到“脑身医学”的大脑整合作用方面

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摘要

"Integration" is a key term in describing how nervous system can perform high level functions. A first condition to have "integration" is obviously the presence of efficient "communication processes" among the parts that have to be combined into the harmonious whole. In this respect, two types of communication processes, called wiring transmission (WT) and volume transmission (VT), respectively, were found to play a major role in the nervous system, allowing the exchange of signals not only between neurons, but rather among all cell types present in the central nervous system (CNS). A second fundamental aspect of a communication process is obviously the recognition/decoding process at target level. As far as this point is concerned, increasing evidence emphasizes the importance of supramolecular complexes of receptors (the so called receptor mosaics) generated by direct receptorreceptor interactions. Their assemblage would allow a first integration of the incoming information already at the plasma membrane level. Recently, evidence of two new subtypes of WT and VT has been obtained, namely the tunnelling nanotubes mediated WT and the microvesicle (in particular exosomes) mediated VT allowing the horizontal transfer of bioactive molecules, including receptors, RNAs and micro-RNAs. The physiological and pathological implications of these types of communication have opened up a new field that is largely still unexplored. In fact, likely unsuspected integrative actions of the nervous system could occur. In this context, a holistic approach to the brain-body complex as an indissoluble system has been proposed. Thus, the hypothesis has been introduced on the existence of a brain-body integrative structure formed by the "area postremaucleus tractus solitarius" (AP/NTS) and the "anteroventral third ventricle region/basal hypothalamus with the median eminence" (AV3V-BH). These highly interconnected regions operate as specialized interfaces between the brain and the body integrating brain-borne and body-borne neural and humoral signals.
机译：“整合”是描述神经系统如何执行高级功能的关键术语。进行“整合”的第一个条件显然是必须将各个部分整合成一个和谐整体的有效“沟通过程”的存在。在这方面，发现两种类型的通信过程分别称为布线传输（WT）和体积传输（VT）在神经系统中起主要作用，不仅允许在神经元之间交换信号，而且允许在神经元之间交换信号。中枢神经系统（CNS）中存在的所有细胞类型。通信过程的第二个基本方面显然是目标级别的识别/解码过程。就这一点而言，越来越多的证据强调了由直接受体相互作用引起的受体超分子复合物（所谓的受体镶嵌）的重要性。它们的组装将允许已经在质膜水平上对输入信息进行首次整合。近来，已经获得了WT和VT的两种新亚型的证据，即隧道纳米管介导的WT和微囊泡（特别是外来体）介导的VT，其允许水平转移包括受体，RNA和微小RNA在内的生物活性分子。这些类型的交流的生理学和病理学意义开辟了一个新的领域，该领域在很大程度上仍未被探索。实际上，可能发生神经系统意外的整合动作。在这种情况下，已经提出了一种整体方法将脑-身体复合体作为不溶系统。因此，已经提出了关于存在由“后区域/孤核区域”（AP / NTS）和“腹侧第三脑室区域/基底丘脑中位隆起”形成的脑-身体整合结构的假说。 -BH）。这些高度相互联系的区域充当大脑和身体之间的专门接口，整合了脑部和体部神经和体液信号。

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