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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Paleontology >Stem parrots (Aves, Halcyornithidae) from the Green River formation and a combined phylogeny of Pan-Psittaciformes
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Stem parrots (Aves, Halcyornithidae) from the Green River formation and a combined phylogeny of Pan-Psittaciformes

机译：绿河形成中的干鹦鹉（Aves，Halcyornithidae）和泛侧斜形目的综合系统发育

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摘要

A new species of stem parrot is reported from the early Eocene Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation. Well-preserved specimens including a complete skeleton and referred partial postcranial skeleton reveal new osteological details of the clade Halcyornithidae and expand the known diversity of the Green River avifauna. Cyrilavis colburnorum n. sp. shares key morphologies with the smaller Green River halcyornithid Cyrilavis olsoni. A combined phylogenetic analysis of Pan-Psittaciformes using 101 morphological characters and sequence data from three genes (RAG-1, Z-chromosomal spindlin and cytochrome b) supports the placement of 1) Halcyornithidae, 2) a small clade uniting the Messel fossil taxon Psittacopes lepidus and an unnamed London Clay species, and 3) Quercypsittidae on branches successively closer to the crown clade Psittaciformes. Analysis of the morphological dataset alone yields a similar strict consensus tree with slightly less resolution (one additional branch collapsed). Relationships within the crown clade agree well with recent hypotheses in supporting a basal divergence between the New Zealand Nestoridae and all other extant parrots, and a second major divergence between Cacatuidae and Psittacidae. When fossils are taken into account, many previously proposed synapomorphies of extant parrots are instead optimized as synapomorphies of more inclusive groups including both stem fossil taxa and living taxa. Fossil evidence is consistent with a more recent origin of crown clade Psittaciformes than predicted from divergence dating analyses, and supports environmental shifts and dispersal as key drivers in parrot biogeography.
机译：据报道，绿河组的始新世化石比尤特早期成员有一种新的茎鹦鹉。保存完好的标本包括完整的骨骼和提及的部分颅后骨骼，揭示了梭状Hal科的新骨学细节，并扩大了绿河鸟类的已知多样性。西里拉维斯（Cilrilavis colburnorum） sp。与较小的Green River halcyornithid Cyrilavis olsoni共享关键形态。使用101个形态特征和来自三个基因（RAG-1，Z-染色体纺锤蛋白和细胞色素b）的序列数据进行的泛斜形类动物的系统发育分析相结合，支持放置1）Halcyornithidae，2）结合Messel化石分类群Psittacopes的小进化枝lepidus和一个未命名的伦敦黏土物种，和3）树枝上的Quercypsittidae依次靠近冠形枝Psittaciformes。仅对形态数据集进行分析就可以得到相似的严格共识树，但分辨率略低（另外一个分支崩溃了）。冠部进化枝之间的关系与最近的假说非常吻合，这些假说支持了新西兰雀科和所有其他现存鹦鹉之间的基础分化，以及猫科和鹦鹉草科之间的第二种主要分化。当考虑到化石时，许多先前提出的现存鹦鹉的亚同形被优化为包括茎化石类群和活生物类在内的更具包容性的群体的同形。化石证据与冠状枝形伞形目的最新起源相符，而不是发散定年分析所预测的那样，并且支持环境变化和扩散是鹦鹉生物地理学的主要驱动力。

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