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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Parasitology >Parasites of freshwater fishes in North America: why so neglected?
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Parasites of freshwater fishes in North America: why so neglected?

机译：北美淡水鱼的寄生虫：为什么如此被忽视？

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Fish parasitology has a long tradition in North America and numerous parasitologists have contributed considerably to the current knowledge of the diversity and biology of protistan and metazoan parasites of freshwater fishes. The Journal of Parasitology has been essential in disseminating this knowledge and remains a significant contributor to our understanding of fish parasites in North America as well as more broadly at the international level. However, with a few exceptions, the importance of fish parasites has decreased during the last decades, which is reflected in the considerable decline of funding and corresponding decrease of attention paid to these parasites in Canada and the United States of America. After the 'golden age' in the second half of the 20th Century, fish parasitology in Canada and the United States went in a new direction, driven by technology and a shift in priorities. In contrast, fish parasitology in Mexico has undergone rapid development since the early 1990s, partly due to extensive international collaboration and governmental funding. A critical review of the current data on the parasites of freshwater fishes in North America has revealed considerable gaps in the knowledge of their species composition, host specificity, life cycles, evolution, phylogeography, and relationships with their fish hosts. As to the key question, "Why so neglected?" this is probably because: (1) fish parasites are not in the forefront due to their lesser economic importance; (2) there is little funding for this kind of research, especially if a practical application is not immediately apparent; and (3) of shifting interests and a shortage of key personalities to train a new generation (they switched to marine habitats or other fields). Some of the opportunities for future research are outlined, such as climate change and cryptic species diversity. A significant problem challenging future research seems to be the loss of trained and experienced fish parasitologists. This has 2 major ramifications: the loss of expertise in identifying organisms that other biologists (e.g., ecologists, molecular biologists, evolutionists) work with, and an incomplete comprehension of ecosystem structure and function in the face of climate change, emerging diseases, and loss of biodiversity.
机译：鱼类寄生虫学在北美有着悠久的传统，许多寄生虫学家为淡水鱼的原生动物和后生动物寄生虫的多样性和生物学的当前知识做出了巨大贡献。 《寄生虫学杂志》对于传播这种知识至关重要，并且仍然是我们对北美乃至国际上对鱼类寄生虫的理解的重要贡献。但是，除少数例外，在过去的几十年中，鱼类寄生虫的重要性有所下降，这反映在加拿大和美利坚合众国的资金大量减少以及对这些寄生虫的关注相应减少。在20世纪下半叶的“黄金时代”之后，加拿大和美国的鱼类寄生虫学在技术和重点转移的推动下朝着新的方向发展。相反，自1990年代初以来，墨西哥的鱼类寄生虫学发展迅速，部分原因是广泛的国际合作和政府的资助。对北美淡水鱼寄生虫当前数据的严格审查显示，在其种类组成，寄主特异性，生命周期，进化，系统学及其与鱼类寄主关系的知识上存在很大差距。关于关键问题，“为什么如此被忽视？”这可能是因为：（1）鱼寄生虫由于其经济重要性较低而不在最前列; （2）这类研究的资金很少，尤其是在实际应用尚未立即显现的情况下; （3）兴趣的转变和关键人物的缺乏以训练新一代（他们转向海洋栖息地或其他领域）。概述了未来研究的一些机会，例如气候变化和隐性物种多样性。挑战未来研究的一个重要问题似乎是失去训练有素和经验丰富的鱼类寄生虫学家。这有两个主要方面：失去鉴定其他生物学家（例如生态学家，分子生物学家，进化论者）与之合作的生物的专业知识，以及面对气候变化，新出现的疾病和损失而对生态系统结构和功能的不完全了解。生物多样性。

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