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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Shellfish Research >Dietary proportion of fish culture solids required by shellfish to reduce the net organic load in open-water integrated multi-trophic aquaculture: a scoping exercise with cocultured Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and blue mussel (Mytilus edulis).
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Dietary proportion of fish culture solids required by shellfish to reduce the net organic load in open-water integrated multi-trophic aquaculture: a scoping exercise with cocultured Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and blue mussel (Mytilus edulis).

机译：在开放水域综合多营养水产养殖中，贝类为减少净有机负荷而需要的鱼类养殖固形物的日粮比例：共同养殖大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar）和蓝贻贝（Mytilus edulis）的范围界定运动。

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Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) aims to recapture portions of nutrient waste lost from 1 species as nutritional inputs for another. This process has the potential to augment growth of cocultured species while reducing the nutrient load from an aquaculture site. In several jurisdictions, open-water aquaculture is regulated through measures of benthic hydrogen sulfide concentrations, which is proportional to excess deposition of organic material such as feces and uneaten food. Interception, consumption, and digestion of organic portions from the fed trophic level (e.g., fish) by organic extractive species (e.g., shellfish, deposit feeders) results in "organic stripping," with less organic material in resulting feces, thereby reducing the net organic load and benthic deposition potential. Shellfish are deployed beside fish cages in some openwater IMTA systems. In addition to the potential consumption of fish culture solids (i.e., feces, feed "fines"), natural particles (i.e., seston) will also be consumed. Consumption of seston portions by shellfish means that some suspended solids that would otherwise drift by fish cages now have the potential for redirection to the benthos as indigestible seston components, egested in shellfish feces. This raises the issue as to what dietary proportion of fish culture solids, consumed by extractive species, results in an increase or reduction of net organic load. As a scoping exercise, a simple mathematical model was created using known absorption efficiencies (fraction of organic material digested) of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) on diets of seston, and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) culture solids, to estimate the resulting organic fecal load of blue mussels on a mixed diet. The organic load from the mussel feces was added to the unconsumed load of salmon culture organics to determine the net IMTA organic load. The dietary proportion threshold (DPT) is the percentage of fish culture solids in an extractive species diet that results in no change in net organic load at an IMTA site. The DPT of salmon culture solids that must be exceeded for mussel culture to reduce the net IMTA site organic load is 14.5% for salmon feces and high-quality seston, 19.6% for salmon feces and lowquality seston, 11.5% for salmon feed fines and high-quality seston, and 15.6% for salmon feed fines and low-quality seston. A net reduction of organic load occurs if the amount of salmon culture organics absorbed (digested) by mussels exceeds the organic fecal load produced by indigestible seston components. Changes in total particulate matter consumed by a mussel population or changes in the amount of salmon culture solids available did not change the DPT, although these factors did influence the magnitude of net organic load increases or decreases. Whether DPTs are achievable is a function of many biophysical parameters, and these avenues are not pursued in this study. However, knowledge of DPTs can be useful to frame expectations of nutrient mitigation and to assist in the interpretation of augmented growth and tracer data as a means to infer nutrient reduction potential.
机译：综合多营养水产养殖（IMTA）的目的是重新捕获从一种物种中流失的部分营养废物，作为另一种物种的营养投入。这个过程有可能增加共养物种的生长，同时减少水产养殖场的养分负荷。在一些辖区，通过测量底栖硫化氢的浓度来管理开放水域水产养殖，该浓度与粪便和未食用的食物等有机物质的过量沉积成比例。有机提取物（例如贝类，沉积物饲养者）从营养层（例如鱼类）截取，消耗和消化的有机部分导致“有机剥离”，从而导致粪便中的有机物更少，从而减少了净有机负荷和底栖沉积潜力。在一些开放水域IMTA系统中，贝类被部署在鱼笼旁边。除了可能消耗鱼类养殖固体（即粪便，饲料“细粉”）之外，还将消耗天然颗粒（即芝麻）。贝类消耗的部分精氨酸意味着某些悬浮固体原本会被鱼笼漂移，现在有可能重新定向到底栖动物，成为难消化的部分，例如贝类粪便中的消化成分。这就提出了一个问题，即提取物物种消耗的鱼类养殖固体的饮食比例会导致净有机负荷的增加或减少。作为范围界定练习，使用已知的蓝贻贝（Mytilus edulis）对波士顿和鲑鱼（Salmo salar）养殖固体的吸收效率（消化的有机物质的分数）创建了一个简单的数学模型，以估算产生的有机粪便混合饮食中的蓝贻贝负荷量。将贻贝粪便中的有机负荷添加到鲑鱼养殖有机物的未消耗负荷中，以确定IMTA净有机负荷。饮食比例阈值（DPT）是指在鱼类提取物中，鱼类养殖固体成分的百分比，导致IMTA站点的净有机负荷没有变化。贻贝养殖以减少IMTA现场净有机负荷所必须超过的鲑鱼养殖固体的DPT，鲑鱼粪便和优质芝麻的含量为14.5％，鲑鱼粪便和劣质芝麻的含量为19.6％，鲑鱼饲料细粉和高含量为11.5％品质的鱼油，鲑鱼粉和低品质的鱼油为15.6％。如果贻贝吸收（消化）的鲑鱼养殖有机物的量超过了不可消化的芝麻成分产生的有机粪便的量，则有机负荷的净减少会发生。尽管这些因素确实影响净有机负荷增加或减少的幅度，但贻贝种群消耗的总颗粒物的变化或可用鲑鱼养殖固体量的变化并未改变DPT。 DPT是否可实现是许多生物物理参数的函数，本研究未探索这些途径。但是，对DPT的了解对于构筑对减缓营养的期望并有助于解释增长的生长和示踪剂数据作为推断营养减少潜力的手段很有用。

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