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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs. >General and Specific Predictors of Nicotine and Alcohol Dependence in Early Adulthood: Genetic and Environmental Influences
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General and Specific Predictors of Nicotine and Alcohol Dependence in Early Adulthood: Genetic and Environmental Influences

机译：成年早期尼古丁和酒精依赖的一般和特定预测因子：遗传和环境影响

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Objective: This study builds on previous work delineating a hierarchical model of family environmental risk in relation to a hierarchical model of externalizing disorders (EXTs) by evaluating for gene-environment interplay in these relationships. The associations between parent-child relationship quality (conflict, bonding, and management) and substance-specific adolescent family environments (parental/ sibling tobacco/alcohol use) in relation to young adult EXTs (age ~22 years nicotine, alcohol, and other drug dependence; antisocial and risky sexual behavior) were evaluated. Method: The sample included 533 adopted offspring and 323 biological offspring. Because adopted youth do not share genes with their parents, a significant association between parent-child relationship quality and EXTs would provide evidence against passive gene-environment correlation (rGE). Significant associations between parental tobacco/alcohol use in relation to offspring nicotine/alcohol dependence in the adopted offspring support common environmental influence. Significant associations detected for the biological offspring only suggest common genetic influence. Results: For both adoptive and biological offspring, there was a significant association between parent-child relationship quality and EXTs. Parental tobacco/ alcohol use was unrelated to EXTs. Sibling tobacco/alcohol use was related to EXTs, but only for the biological siblings. Parental tobacco use was associated with the residual variance in nicotine dependence in adopted offspring. Conclusions: Findings replicate a long-term influence of adolescent parent-child relationship quality on adult EXTs. Findings extend previous research by providing evidence against passive rGE in this association. The association between parental tobacco use and adult nicotine dependence appears to be environmentally mediated, but caution is warranted as we found this relationship only for adopted youth.
机译：目的：本研究建立在先前工作的基础上，通过评估这些关系中的基因-环境相互作用，描述了家庭环境风险的分层模型与外部化疾病（EXTs）分层模型的关系。与青年成人EXTs（约22岁尼古丁，酒精和其他药物）相关的亲子关系质量（冲突，纽带和管理）与特定于物质的青少年家庭环境（父母/兄弟姐妹吸烟/饮酒）之间的关联依赖性;反社会和危险的性行为）进行了评估。方法：样本包括533个后代和323个生物学后代。由于收养的年轻人不与父母共享基因，因此亲子关系质量与EXTs之间的显着关联将为抵制被动基因-环境相关性（rGE）提供证据。父母烟草/酒精使用与后代中尼古丁/酒精依赖有关的显着关联支持常见的环境影响。检测到的生物学后代的重要关联仅表明常见的遗传影响。结果：对于收养和生物学后代，亲子关系质量与EXTs之间存在显着关联。父母吸烟/饮酒与EXTs无关。兄弟姐妹吸烟/饮酒与EXTs有关，但仅与生物学兄弟姐妹有关。父母吸烟与收养后代中尼古丁依赖性的剩余差异有关。结论：研究结果复制了青少年亲子关系质量对成人EXTs的长期影响。这些发现通过提供针对这种关联中的被动rGE的证据而扩展了先前的研究。父母吸烟与成年人对尼古丁的依赖之间的联系似乎是环境因素，但必须谨慎，因为我们发现这种关系仅适用于收养的青年。

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