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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association: APhA >Evaluation and management of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
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Evaluation and management of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

机译：经前期综合征和经前烦躁不安的评估和管理。

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OBJECTIVE: To review premenstrual disorders, their varied symptoms, possible etiology, and treatment options. DATA SOURCES: Published articles identified through MEDLINE (1966-2001) using the search terms premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and the additional terms treatment and etiology. Additional references were identified from the bibliographies of the retrieved articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: PMS refers to a group of menstrually related disorders that are estimated to affect up to 40% of women of childbearing age. The varied symptoms of PMS include mood swings, tension, anger, irritability, headache, bloating, and increased appetite with food cravings. PMS symptoms occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and remit with the onset of menstruation or shortly afterward. Approximately 5% of women with PMS suffer from PMDD, a more disabling and severe form of PMS in which mood symptoms predominate. Because no tests can confirm PMS or PMDD, the diagnosis should be made on the basis of a patient-completed daily symptom calendar and the exclusion of other medical disorders. The causes of PMS and PMDD are uncertain, but are likely associated with aberrant responses to normal hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. For most women, symptoms can be relieved or reduced through lifestyle interventions, such as dietary changes and exercise, and drug therapy with hormonal or psychotropic agents. For PMDD, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have recently emerged as first-line therapy. Certain dietary supplements, including calcium, also may be an option for some women. CONCLUSION: PMS and PMDD are complex but highly treatable disorders. Pharmacists can improve the recognition and management of these common conditions by providing patient education on premenstrual symptoms and counseling women on lifestyle interventions and pharmacotherapy to relieve their discomfort.
机译：目的：回顾经前疾病，其各种症状，可能的病因和治疗选择。数据来源：已发表的文章通过MEDLINE（1966-2001）使用搜索词经前综合症（PMS）和经前烦躁不安症（PMDD）以及其他术语治疗和病因进行了识别。从检索到的文献的书目中确定了其他参考文献。数据综合：PMS是指一组与经期相关的疾病，据估计，这些疾病会影响多达40％的育龄妇女。 PMS的各种症状包括情绪低落，紧张，愤怒，易怒，头痛，腹胀和食欲旺盛。 PMS症状发生在月经周期的黄体期，并在月经来潮后或不久后缓解。约5％的PMS妇女患有PMDD，PMDD是一种更为致残和严重的PMS形式，其中以情绪症状为主。由于没有任何测试能够确定PMS或PMDD，因此应根据患者完整的每日症状日历和排除其他医学疾病进行诊断。 PMS和PMDD的病因尚不确定，但可能与月经周期对正常荷尔蒙波动的异常反应有关。对于大多数女性而言，可以通过生活方式干预来缓解或减轻症状，例如饮食变化和锻炼以及荷尔蒙或精神药物的药物治疗。对于PMDD，选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂最近作为一线治疗出现。某些饮食补充剂，包括钙，也可能是某些女性的选择。结论：PMS和PMDD是复杂但可治疗的疾病。药师可以通过对患者进行经前症状的教育，并为妇女提供生活方式干预和药物治疗的咨询以减轻其不适感，从而改善对这些常见疾病的认识和管理。

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