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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences >Radiative Constraints on the Hydrological Cycle in an Idealized Radiative-Convective Equilibrium Model
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Radiative Constraints on the Hydrological Cycle in an Idealized Radiative-Convective Equilibrium Model

机译：理想的辐射对流平衡模型中水文循环的辐射约束

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摘要

The radiative constraints on the partitioning of the surface energy budget and, hence, on the strength of the hydrological cycle are analyzed in an idealized one-dimensional radiative-convective equilibrium model formulated in terms of the energy budgets at the top of the atmosphere, the subcloud layer, and the free atmosphere, which enables it to predict both surface relative humidity and the air-sea temperature difference. Using semigray radiative transfer, a semianalytical solution was obtained that explicitly shows how the surface latent heat flux (LHF) is related to the radiative properties of the atmosphere. This solution was also used in conjunction with a full radiative transfer code and was found to provide reasonably realistic quantitative estimates. In the model the LHF is fundamentally constrained by the net longwave flux divergence above the level of condensation by lifting (LCL) and by the atmospheric absorption of shortwave radiation, with only a weak indirect control by near-surface moisture. The latter implies that the Clausius-Clapeyron relation does not directly constrain the strength of the hydrological cycle. Under radiative perturbations, the changes in LHF are determined by the changes in the net longwave fluxes at the LCL, associated mainly with the changes in the longwave transmissivity, and by the changes in shortwave absorption by the atmosphere (e. g., by increased water vapor). Using a full radiative transfer model with interactive water vapor feedback with the semianalytical solution indicates a rate of change in LHF with greenhouse forcing of around 2 W m(-2) K-1 of surface warming, which corresponds to the Planck feedback (similar to 3.2 W m(-2) K-1) multiplied by a coefficient of order one that, to first approximation, depends only on the relative magnitudes of the net longwave radiation fluxes at the LCL and the top of the atmosphere (i.e., on the shape of the vertical profile of the net longwave flux).
机译：在理想的一维辐射-对流平衡模型中，根据大气层顶部的能量预算，对地表能量预算分配的辐射约束以及水文循环强度进行了辐射约束分析。亚云层和自由大气层，使其能够预测表面相对湿度和海气温度差。使用半灰色辐射传递，获得了一个半解析解决方案，该解决方案明确显示了表面潜热通量（LHF）与大气的辐射特性之间的关系。该解决方案还与完整的辐射传输代码结合使用，并被发现可以提供合理可行的定量估计。在该模型中，LHF基本上受制于凝结水平以上的净长波通量发散（升力（LCL））和大气对短波辐射的吸收，而近地表水分仅能弱地间接控制。后者暗示克劳修斯-克拉珀龙关系不直接限制水文循环的强度。在辐射扰动下，LHF的变化取决于LCL处净长波通量的变化（主要与长波透射率的变化有关）以及大气对短波吸收的变化（例如，水蒸气增加） 。将半辐射解与交互式水蒸气反馈一起使用完整的辐射传递模型，表明温室效应强迫下LHF的变化率约为2 W m（-2）K-1，这对应于普朗克反馈（类似于3.2 W m（-2）K-1）乘以一阶系数，一阶近似仅取决于LCL和大气层顶部的净长波辐射通量的相对大小（即，净长波通量的垂直剖面形状）。

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