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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences >A Latent Heat Retrieval and Its Effects on the Intensity and Structure Change of Hurricane Guillermo (1997). Part I: The Algorithm and Observations
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A Latent Heat Retrieval and Its Effects on the Intensity and Structure Change of Hurricane Guillermo (1997). Part I: The Algorithm and Observations

机译：潜热提取及其对飓风吉列尔莫（1997）强度和结构变化的影响。第一部分：算法与观察

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摘要

Despite the fact that latent heating in cloud systems drives many atmospheric circulations, including tropical cyclones, little is known of its magnitude and structure, largely because of inadequate observations. In this work, a reasonably high-resolution (2 km), four-dimensional airborne Doppler radar retrieval of the latent heat of condensation/evaporation is presented for rapidly intensifying Hurricane Guillermo (1997). Several advancements in the basic retrieval algorithm are shown, including 1) analyzing the scheme within the dynamically consistent framework of a numerical model, 2) identifying algorithm sensitivities through the use of ancillary data sources, and 3) developing a precipitation budget storage term parameterization. The determination of the saturation state is shown to be an important part of the algorithm for updrafts of; similar to 5 m s(-1) or less. The uncertainties in the magnitude of the retrieved heating are dominated by errors in the vertical velocity. Using a combination of error propagation and Monte Carlo uncertainty techniques, biases are found to be small, and randomly distributed errors in the heating magnitude are; similar to 16% for updrafts greater than 5 m s(-1) and; similar to 156% for updrafts of 1 m s(-1). Even though errors in the vertical velocity can lead to large uncertainties in the latent heating field for small updrafts/downdrafts, in an integrated sense the errors are not as drastic. In Part II, the impact of the retrievals is assessed by inserting the heating into realistic numerical simulations at 2-km resolution and comparing the generated wind structure to the Doppler radar observations of Guillermo.
机译：尽管事实上云系统中的潜热驱动了许多大气循环，包括热带气旋，但对其量级和结构知之甚少，这在很大程度上是由于观测不足。在这项工作中，提出了一个合理的高分辨率（2 km），二维机载多普勒雷达对凝结/蒸发潜热的检索，以迅速加强吉列尔莫飓风（1997年）。显示了基本检索算法的一些进步，包括1）在数值模型的动态一致框架内分析该方案，2）通过使用辅助数据源识别算法敏感性，以及3）开发降水预算存储项参数化。饱和状态的确定被证明是算法的重要部分。类似于5 m s（-1）或更小。取回的热量大小的不确定性主要由垂直速度的误差决定。结合误差传播和蒙特卡洛不确定性技术，发现偏差很小，加热幅度的随机分布误差很小。对于大于5 m s（-1）的上升气流，类似于16％;并且对于1 m s（-1）的上升气流，类似于156％。即使垂直速度的误差可能会导致小上升气流/下降气流的潜热场中存在很大的不确定性，但从整体上讲，误差并不那么大。在第二部分中，通过将加热以2 km的分辨率插入逼真的数值模拟中，并将产生的风结构与吉列尔莫的多普勒雷达观测值进行比较，来评估取回的影响。

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