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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences >The IMPROVE-1 storm of 1-2 February 2001. Part III: Sensitivity of a mesoscale model simulation to the representation of snow particle types and testing of a bulk microphysical scheme with snow habit prediction
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The IMPROVE-1 storm of 1-2 February 2001. Part III: Sensitivity of a mesoscale model simulation to the representation of snow particle types and testing of a bulk microphysical scheme with snow habit prediction

机译：2001年2月1-2日的IMPROVE-1暴风雨。第三部分：中尺度模型模拟对雪粒类型表示的敏感性以及对具有雪习预测的整体微物理方案的测试

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摘要

A mesoscale model simulation of a wide cold-frontal rainband observed in the Pacific Northwest during the Improvement of Microphysical Parameterization through Observational Verification Experiment (IMPROVE-1) field study was used to test the sensitivity of the model-produced precipitation to varied representations of snow particles in a bulk microphysical scheme. Tests of sensitivity to snow habit type, by using empirical relationships for mass and velocity versus diameter, demonstrated the defectiveness of the conventional assumption of snow particles as constant density spheres. More realistic empirical mass diameter relationships result in increased numbers of particles and shift the snow size distribution toward larger particles, leading to increased depositional growth of snow and decreased cloud water production. Use of realistic empirical mass-diameter relationships generally increased precipitation at the surface as the rainband interacted with the orography, with more limited increases occurring offshore. Changes in both the mass-diameter and velocity-diameter relationships significantly redistributed precipitation either windward or leeward when the rainband interacted with the mountain barrier. A method of predicting snow particle habit in a bulk microphysical scheme, and using predicted habit to dynamically determine snow properties in the scheme, was developed and tested. The scheme performed well at predicting the habits present ( or not present) in aircraft observations of the rainband. Use of the scheme resulted in little change in the precipitation rate at the ground for the rainband offshore, but significantly increased precipitation when the rainband interacted with the windward slope of the Olympic Mountains. The study demonstrates the promise of the habit prediction approach to treating snow in bulk microphysical schemes.
机译：通过观测验证实验（IMPROVE-1）现场研究改进微物理参数化期间，在西北太平洋观测到的宽额冷锋雨带的中尺度模型模拟，用于测试模型产生的降雨对雪的各种表示形式的敏感性体微物理方案中的颗粒。通过使用质量和速度与直径的经验关系，对雪习类型的敏感性进行的测试证明了常规假设雪粒为恒定密度球体的缺陷。更现实的经验质量直径关系导致增加的粒子数量，并使雪的大小分布向较大的粒子移动，从而导致雪的沉积增长增加并且云水产量减少。当雨带与地形相互作用时，使用实际的经验质量直径关系通常会增加地表的降水，而在海上发生的增加则更为有限。当雨带与山区障碍物相互作用时，质量直径关系和速度直径关系的变化都会显着重新分配降水，无论是上风还是下风。开发并测试了一种在整体微物理方案中预测雪粒习惯并使用预测习惯动态确定方案中雪性质的方法。该方案在预测飞机在雨带观测中存在（或不存在）的习惯方面表现良好。使用该方案后，近海雨带的地面降水率变化不大，但当雨带与奥林匹克山的迎风坡相互作用时，降水显着增加。这项研究证明了习惯预测方法有望在大量的微物理方案中处理雪。

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