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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences >The response time of the temperature of the equatorial troposphere to ENSO heating
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The response time of the temperature of the equatorial troposphere to ENSO heating

机译：赤道对流层温度对ENSO加热的响应时间

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摘要

Air temperature anomalies, averaged over the troposphere to 200 mb and around the earth from 10 degrees S to 10 degrees N, lag the similarly averaged El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) atmospheric latent heating anomalies by about one month. Most of the latent heating is balanced by vertical adiabatic cooling although the zonally averaged imbalance is larger than is typical locally in the Tropics. The excess latent heating heats the atmosphere and generates a temperature anomaly. As the temperature anomaly rises, the atmosphere loses heat until the residual heating is balanced by anomalous cooling. By then the temperature anomaly is typically about 0.4 degrees C. Analysis of the thermodynamic energy equation shows that the ENSO heat loss is highly linearly correlated with the air temperature anomaly averaged over the equatorial troposphere; that is, the adjustment to the residual anomalous heating (or cooling) is Newtonian. Consistent with the observed one-month lag, the Newtonian e-folding time is about 35 days. Similar results apply for latitude bands 5 degrees S-5 degrees N and 15 degrees S-15 degrees N (Newtonian cooling times of 29 and 46 days, respectively). The heat loss is mainly through meridional sensible heat flux rather than radiation. Much of the anomalous cooling is due to the mean meridional flow that diverges more temperature anomaly aloft than it converges near the surface.
机译：在对流层平均温度为200 mb，在地球周围平均温度为10 s至10 N，平均温度异常落后于类似的平均厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）大气潜热异常大约一个月。尽管区域平均失衡大于热带地区的典型水平，但大部分的潜在加热都通过垂直绝热冷却得到平衡。过多的潜在加热会加热大气并产生温度异常。随着温度异常升高，大气会散失热量，直到通过异常冷却平衡剩余热量为止。届时温度异常通常约为0.4摄氏度。对热力学能量方程的分析表明，ENSO热损失与在赤道对流层平均的气温异常高度线性相关;也就是说，对残余异常加热（或冷却）的调整是牛顿式的。与观察到的一个月滞后相一致，牛顿电子折叠时间约为35天。类似的结果适用于北纬5度S-5度和北纬15度S-15度的纬度带（牛顿的冷却时间分别为29天和46天）。热损失主要是通过子午显热而不是辐射。大部分异常冷却是由于平均子午流造成的，该子午流向上方散发的温度异常多于其在地表附近的收敛。

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