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An Indirect Effect of Ice Nuclei on Atmospheric Radiation

机译：冰核对大气辐射的间接影响

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A three-dimensional cloud-resolving model (CRM) with observed large-scale forcing is used to study how ice nuclei (IN) affect the net radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). In all the numerical experiments carried out, the cloud ice content in the upper troposphere increases with IN number concentration via the Bergeron process. As a result, the upward solar flux at the TOA increases whereas the infrared one decreases. Because of the opposite response of the two fluxes to IN concentration, the sensitivity of the net radiative flux at the TOA to IN concentration varies from one case to another. Six tropical and three midlatitudinal field campaigns provide data to model the effect of IN on radiation in different latitudes. Classifying the CRM simulations into tropical and midlatitudinal and then comparing the two types reveals that the indirect effect of IN on radiation is greater in the middle latitudes than in the tropics. Furthermore, comparisons between model results and observations suggest that observational IN data are necessary to evaluate long-term CRM simulations.
机译：使用具有观测到的大规模强迫的三维云解析模型（CRM），研究冰核（IN）如何影响大气层（TOA）顶部的净辐射通量。在进行的所有数值实验中，对流层上层的冰冰含量通过伯杰龙过程随IN数浓度的增加而增加。结果，TOA处的向上太阳通量增加，而红外光则减少。由于两种通量对IN浓度的响应相反，因此，TOA对IN浓度的净辐射通量的灵敏度因情况而异。六个热带和三个中纬度野战活动提供了数据来模拟IN对不同纬度辐射的影响。将CRM模拟分为热带和中纬向，然后比较这两种类型，发现中纬度的IN间接影响大于热带地区。此外，模型结果与观察值之间的比较表明，观察性IN数据对于评估长期CRM模拟是必要的。

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