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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences >The Basic Ingredients of the North Atlantic Storm Track. Part II: Sea Surface Temperatures
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The Basic Ingredients of the North Atlantic Storm Track. Part II: Sea Surface Temperatures

机译：北大西洋风暴轨迹的基本成分。第二部分：海面温度

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The impact of North Atlantic SST patterns on the storm track is investigated using a hierarchy of GCM simulations using idealized (aquaplanet) and "semirealistic" boundary conditions in the atmospheric component (HadAM3) of the third climate configuration of the Met Office Unified Model (HadCM3). This framework enables the mechanisms determining the tropospheric response to North Atlantic SST patterns to be examined, both in isolation and in combination with continental-scale landmasses and orography. In isolation, a "Gulf Stream" SST pattern acts to strengthen the downstream storm track while a "North Atlantic Drift" SST pattern weakens it. These changes are consistent with changes in the extratropical SST gradient and near-surface baroclinicity, and each storm-track response is associated with a consistent change in the tropospheric jet structure. Locally enhanced near-surface horizontal wind convergence is found over the warm side of strengthened SST gradients associated with ascending air and increased precipitation, consistent with previous studies. When the combined SST pattern is introduced into the semirealistic framework (including the "North American" continent and the "Rocky Mountains"), the results suggest that the topographically generated southwest-northeast tilt in the North Atlantic storm track is enhanced. In particular, the Gulf Stream shifts the storm track south in the western Atlantic whereas the strong high-latitude SST gradient in the northeastern Atlantic enhances the storm track there.
机译：使用Met Office统一模型（HadCM3）的第三个气候配置的大气成分（HadAM3）中的理想化（滑水行星）和“半现实”边界条件的GCM模拟层次结构，研究了北大西洋SST模式对风暴路径的影响）。该框架使确定对流层对北大西洋SST模式的响应的机制得以独立或与大陆尺度的陆地和地形结合起来进行研究。孤立地，“海湾流” SST模式起到增强下游风暴路径的作用，而“北大西洋漂流” SST模式则削弱它。这些变化与温带海温梯度和近地表斜度的变化是一致的，并且每种风暴轨迹的响应都与对流层射流结构的变化一致。与先前的研究一致，在增强的SST梯度的暖侧发现了局部增强的近地表水平风收敛，这​​与空气上升和降水增加有关。当将组合的SST模式引入半现实框架（包括“北美”大陆和“落基山脉”）时，结果表明，北大西洋风暴轨迹中地形产生的西南-东北倾斜得到了增强。特别是，墨西哥湾流将风暴路径移至西大西洋南部，而东北大西洋的强烈高纬度海温梯度则增强了该区域的风暴路径。

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