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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association. >Mortality patterns of simulium vittatum larvae (diptera: Simuliidae) following exposure to insecticidal proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis Var. israelensis
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Mortality patterns of simulium vittatum larvae (diptera: Simuliidae) following exposure to insecticidal proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis Var. israelensis

机译：暴露于苏云金芽孢杆菌变种的杀虫蛋白后，壳幼虫（双翅目：Sim科）的死亡率模式。以色列

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摘要

Products containing insecticidal crystalline proteins (ICPs) produced by Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti ICPs) are used to suppress vector and nuisance populations of black flies. The efficacy of an application of these products is often determined by a posttreatment evaluation of larval mortality. Larvae are typically removed from the substrate at some point in time after application of the product and mortality is determined. The time necessary for the effects of Bti ICPs to cause morality in exposed larvae can vary, and there is little consensus on how long operators should wait before evaluating larval mortality. This study was conducted to provide more information to larvicide applicators when performing posttreatment evaluations. Simulium vittatum larvae were exposed to Bti ICPs under controlled conditions and the mortality was monitored over time. Larvae exposed to operational concentrations of ICPs exhibited maximum mortality, approximately 87%, after 4 h. Exposure of larvae to 1/3 of that concentration resulted in similar mortality; however, the maximum mortality was not reached until 8 h postexposure. Additional experiments revealed that maximum mortality and time to maximum mortality can also be affected by components in the larval medium. Larval mortality was compared between larvae exposed to Bti ICPs in moderately hard water, medium containing 50 parts per million (ppm) of kaolinite, and medium containing 50 ppm of cellulose. The clay material had no significant effect on larval mortality or time to achieve maximum mortality. When cellulose was present in the medium, the time to maximum mortality was increased 50% and overall mortality was reduced by more than 40%.
机译：苏云金芽孢杆菌变种生产的含有杀虫晶体蛋白（ICP）的产品。以色列（Bti ICP）用于抑制黑蝇的媒介和有害种群。这些产品的使用效果通常取决于幼虫死亡率的后处理评估。通常在施用产品后的某个时间点将幼虫从底物上除去并确定死亡率。 Bti ICP的作用在暴露的幼虫中引起道德的必要时间可能会有所不同，并且在评估幼虫死亡率之前操作人员应等待多长时间尚无共识。进行这项研究是为了在进行后处理评估时向杀幼虫剂施用者提供更多信息。在受控条件下，将Simulium v​​ittatum幼虫暴露于Bti ICP中，并随时间监测死亡率。暴露于ICPs操作浓度的幼虫在4小时后显示出最高死亡率，约为87％。幼虫暴露于该浓度的1/3会导致相似的死亡率。但是，直到暴露后8小时才达到最大死亡率。其他实验表明，幼虫培养基中的成分也会影响最大死亡率和达到最大死亡率的时间。比较了在中等硬水中暴露于Bti ICP的幼虫，含有百万分之50（ppm）高岭石的培养基和含有50 ppm纤维素的培养基之间的幼虫死亡率。粘土材料对幼虫死亡率或达到最大死亡率的时间没有明显影响。当纤维素存在于培养基中时，达到最大死亡率的时间增加了50％，总死亡率减少了40％以上。

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