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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior >PUNISHING AND CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS HISTAMINE IN RATS: PHARMACOLOGICAL SELECTIVTTY
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PUNISHING AND CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS HISTAMINE IN RATS: PHARMACOLOGICAL SELECTIVTTY

机译：大鼠静脉内组胺的惩罚和心血管作用：药理学选择性

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Although drugs may serve as reinforcers or punishers of operant behavior, the punishing function has received much less experimental attention than the reinforcing function. A sensitive method for studying drug-induced punishment is to assess choice for a punished response over an unpunished response. In these experiments, rats chose between pressing one lever and receiving a sucrose pellet or pressing another lever and receiving a sucrose pellet plus an intravenous injection of histamine. When sucrose was delivered equally frequently for either the punished or the unpunished response, rats selected the unpunished lever consistently, but decreases in the punished response did not differ as a function of intravenous histamine dose (0.1-1 mg/kg/inj). Changing the procedure so that sucrose was delivered on the unpunished lever with p = .5 increased the rats' responding on the punished lever with saline injections. In addition, the same range of histamine doses produced a much larger range of responses on the punished lever that was dose dependent. Using these procedures to assess the receptors mediating histamine's effects, the histamine H_1receptor antagonists, pyrilamine and ketotifen, antagonized the punishing effect of histamine, but the histamine H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine did not. However, ranitidine pretreatments reduced histamine-induced heart-rate increases to a greater extent than did the histamine H1-receptor antagonists when administered at the same doses examined under conditions of histamine punishment. Overall, the present findings extend the general hypothesis that activation of histamine H1-receptors mediates the punishing effects of histamine. They also introduce methods for rapidly assessing pharmacological mechanisms underlying drug-induced punishment.
机译：尽管药物可以充当操作者行为的强化或惩罚者，但惩罚功能比强化功能受到的实验关注要少得多。研究药物引起的惩罚的一种敏感方法是评估对惩罚行为的选择而不是对惩罚行为的选择。在这些实验中，大鼠在按压一个杠杆并接收蔗糖沉淀或选择另一杠杆并接收蔗糖沉淀加上静脉注射组胺之间进行选择。当蔗糖以同样频繁的频率用于惩罚或未惩罚反应时，大鼠始终选择未惩罚的杠杆，但惩罚反应的下降与静脉内组胺剂量（0.1-1 mg / kg / inj）的函数没有差异。改变程序，使蔗糖以p = .5传递到未受惩罚的杠杆上，从而增加了大鼠注射盐水后对受惩罚的杠杆的反应。此外，相同范围的组胺剂量在受剂量影响的受罚杠杆上产生的响应范围要大得多。使用这些程序评估介导组胺作用的受体，组胺H_1受体拮抗剂吡咯胺和ketotifen拮抗组胺的惩罚作用，但组胺H2受体拮抗剂雷尼替丁却没有。但是，雷尼替丁预处理在组胺惩罚条件下以相同剂量给药时，与组胺H1受体拮抗剂相比，降低的组胺诱导心率增加幅度更大。总的来说，本发现扩展了一般的假设，即组胺H1受体的激活介导组胺的惩罚作用。他们还介绍了快速评估药物诱导的惩罚基础的药理机制的方法。

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