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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the North American Benthological Society >The influence of extreme climatic events and human disturbance on macroinvertebrate community patterns of a Mediterranean stream over 15?y
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The influence of extreme climatic events and human disturbance on macroinvertebrate community patterns of a Mediterranean stream over 15?y

机译：极端气候事件和人为干扰对15 y y以上地中海小溪无脊椎动物群落模式的影响

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We analyzed long-term changes in macroinvertebrate communities in a Mediterranean temporary stream in southern Portugal over 15 y (1993–2008) at 10 locations with 3 degrees of physicochemical disturbance (reference, high disturbance, and mild disturbance). We related year-to-year variation of macroinvertebrate communities to long-term (59 y) information on precipitation and temperature. Our goals were to: 1) determine the stability of macroinvertebrate communities in the stream, 2) establish the influence of physicochemical disturbance on community stability, 3) assess the influence of climate change on the macroinvertebrate communities, and 4) assess the interactive effects of climate change and disturbance level on macroinvertebrate communities. Community structure varied naturally from year to year, but changes in taxon richness and evenness were much stronger and more unpredictable in disturbed than in other sites. In the long term, the more diverse (reference) and the poorest (disturbed) communities were stable, whereas communities affected by mild disturbance slowly decreased in taxon richness (slope = 20.07, r2 = 0.38). This decrease could be a response to the continuous stress or to climate change. The multivariate patterns over time of invertebrate communities at mildly disturbed sites were the only patterns significantly correlated with climatic patterns. In the past 59 y in this Mediterranean area (southeastern Europe), winter temperature has increased 1We analyzed long-term changes in macroinvertebrate communities in a Mediterranean temporary stream in southern Portugal over 15 y (1993–2008) at 10 locations with 3 degrees of physicochemical disturbance (reference, high disturbance, and mild disturbance). We related year-to-year variation of macroinvertebrate communities to long-term (59 y) information on precipitation and temperature. Our goals were to: 1) determine the stability of macroinvertebrate communities in the stream, 2) establish the influence of physicochemical disturbance on community stability, 3) assess the influence of climate change on the macroinvertebrate communities, and 4) assess the interactive effects of climate change and disturbance level on macroinvertebrate communities. Community structure varied naturally from year to year, but changes in taxon richness and evenness were much stronger and more unpredictable in disturbed than in other sites. In the long term, the more diverse (reference) and the poorest (disturbed) communities were stable, whereas communities affected by mild disturbance slowly decreased in taxon richness (slope = 20.07, r2 = 0.38). This decrease could be a response to the continuous stress or to climate change. The multivariate patterns over time of invertebrate communities at mildly disturbed sites were the only patterns significantly correlated with climatic patterns. In the past 59 y in this Mediterranean area (southeastern Europe), winter temperature has increased 1oC and precipitation has decreased 1.5 mm/d. Marked changes in community composition (70–80% Bray–Curtis dissimilarity) occurred only in years of extremely low precipitation or temperature. In years of climatic extremes and at chemically disturbed sites, Orthocladiinae and Simuliidae became dominant. In this stream, a shift in community equity occurs before species elimination. This shift might be useful as an early warning for biodiversity loss because of disturbance or climate change. We recommend continued sampling of reference sites for monitoring purposes so that effects of climate change can be established and so that contemporary human disturbance can be assessed relative to an adjusted reference condition.C and precipitation has decreased 1.5 mm/d. Marked changes in community composition (70–80% Bray–Curtis dissimilarity) occurred only in years of extremely low precipitation or temperature.
机译：我们分析了葡萄牙南部地中海临时河流中15年来（1993-2008年）在10个地点发生的3种物理化学扰动（参考，高扰动和轻度扰动）大型无脊椎动物群落的长期变化。我们将大型无脊椎动物群落的逐年变化与有关降水和温度的长期（59 y）信息相关联。我们的目标是：1）确定河流中无脊椎动物的稳定性，2）建立物理化学扰动对群落稳定性的影响，3）评估气候变化对无脊椎动物群落的影响，以及4）评估大型无脊椎动物群落的气候变化和干扰水平。社区的结构每年自然变化，但是与其他站点相比，受干扰的分类单元丰富度和均匀性变化要强得多，并且更加不可预测。从长远来看，多样性（参考）和最贫困（受干扰）的社区是稳定的，而受轻度干扰影响的社区的分类单元丰富度则缓慢下降（坡度= 20.07，r2 = 0.38）。这种下降可能是对持续压力或气候变化的反应。在轻度受干扰的地区，无脊椎动物群落随时间的多元格局是唯一与气候格局显着相关的格局。在过去的59年中，这个地中海地区（东南欧）的冬季温度升高了1我们分析了葡萄牙南部地中海临时河流中15年来（1993-2008年）在10度，温度为3度的大型无脊椎动物群落的长期变化。理化干扰（参考，高干扰和轻度干扰）。我们将大型无脊椎动物群落的逐年变化与有关降水和温度的长期（59 y）信息相关联。我们的目标是：1）确定河流中无脊椎动物群落的稳定性，2）建立物理化学干扰对群落稳定性的影响，3）评估气候变化对无脊椎动物群落的影响，以及4）评估大型无脊椎动物群落的气候变化和干扰水平。社区结构每年自然变化，但是与其他站点相比，受干扰的分类单元丰富度和均匀度变化要强得多，并且更加不可预测。从长远来看，多样性（参考）和最贫困（受干扰）的社区是稳定的，而受轻度干扰影响的社区的分类单元丰富度则缓慢下降（坡度= 20.07，r2 = 0.38）。这种下降可能是对持续压力或气候变化的反应。在轻度受干扰的地区，无脊椎动物群落随时间的多元格局是唯一与气候格局显着相关的格局。在过去的59年中，这个地中海地区（东南欧）的冬季温度升高了1oC，降水量降低了1.5 mm / d。群落组成的显着变化（70％至80％Bray-Curtis差异）仅发生在极低的降水或温度年份。在多年的极端气候和化学扰动的地区，Orthocladiinae和Simuliidae成为优势物种。在这种情况下，社区公平发生在物种消除之前。这种转变可能是对由于干扰或气候变化而造成生物多样性丧失的预警。我们建议继续对参考地点进行采样以进行监测，以便可以确定气候变化的影响，并可以相对于调整后的参考条件评估当代人为干扰.C和降水量降低了1.5 mm / d。群落组成的显着变化（70％至80％的布雷-柯蒂斯相异性）仅在极低的降水或温度年份出现。

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