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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Development Economics >Trade liberalization, antidumping, and safeguards: Evidence from India's tariff reform
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Trade liberalization, antidumping, and safeguards: Evidence from India's tariff reform

机译：贸易自由化，反倾销和保障措施：来自印度关税改革的证据

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This paper is the first to use product-level data to examine empirically whether countries use antidumping and safeguard exceptions to unwind commitments to lower tariffs in the face of domestic political-economic pressure. We focus on the case of India, a country that underwent a major exogenous tariff reform program in the early 1990s and subsequently initiated substantial use of safeguard and antidumping import restrictions. We first estimate structural determinants of India's import protection using the Grossman and Helpman (1994) model and provide evidence from its pre-reform tariff data of 1990 that is consistent with the theory. We then reestimate the model on the Indian tariff data after the trade liberalization is complete and find that themodel no longer fits, a result consistent with theory and evidence provided in other settings that India's 1991-1992 IMF arrangement can be interpreted as resulting in an exogenous shock to India's tariff policy. However, when we reestimate the model ondata from 2000-2002 that more completely reflects India's cross-product variation in import protection by including both its post-reform tariffs and its additional non-tariff barriers of antidumping and safeguard import protection, the significance of the Grossman and Helpman model determinant estimates is restored. We interpret these combined results as evidence that India unwound its commitment to reduce tariffs through use of antidumping and safeguard protection in the face of political-economic pressure. The estimates are also economically important and provide one explanation for separate results i n the literature that the magnitude of import reduction associated with India's use of antidumping is similar to the initial import expansion associated with its tariff reform. Finally, we interpret the implications of our results for the burgeoning research literature examining the effects of liberalization on India's micro-level development.
机译：本文是第一个使用产品级数据进行实证检验的国家，面对国内政治经济压力，各国是否使用反倾销和保障例外来撤销降低关税的承诺。我们以印度为例，该国在1990年代初经历了一项重大的外来关税改革计划，随后开始大量使用保障和反倾销进口限制。我们首先使用Grossman and Helpman（1994）模型估算印度进口保护的结构决定因素，并从1990年改革前的关税数据中得出与该理论相符的证据。然后，我们在贸易自由化完成后根据印度关税数据重新评估了该模型，发现该模型不再适用，这一结果与理论和其他背景下提供的证据相符，即印度1991-1992年IMF安排可以解释为导致外生冲击印度的关税政策。但是，当我们重新估算2000-2002年的数据模型时，通过同时包括其改革后的关税和反倾销及保障进口保护的其他非关税壁垒，可以更全面地反映印度在进口保护方面的跨产品差异，该模型的重要性Grossman和Helpman模型行列式估计已恢复。我们将这些综合结果解释为证据，表明印度在面对政治经济压力时取消了通过使用反倾销和保障保护来降低关税的承诺。这些估计值在经济上也很重要，并且为单独的结果提供了一种解释。在文献中，与印度使用反倾销有关的进口减少幅度类似于与关税改革有关的最初的进口扩大幅度。最后，我们解释了研究成果对新兴研究文献的影响，这些研究文献研究了自由化对印度微观发展的影响。

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