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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences >Simulation-based Military Training: An Engineering Approach to Better Addressing Competing Environmental, Fiscal, and Security Concerns
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Simulation-based Military Training: An Engineering Approach to Better Addressing Competing Environmental, Fiscal, and Security Concerns

机译：基于模拟的军事训练：一种更好地解决竞争环境，财政和安全问题的工程方法

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Governments and militaries have long recognized that armed forces must engage in training in order to develop and maintain the proficiency necessary to effectually carry out those legitimate duties with which they are entrusted by their nations. This is made particularly salient by the increasing demands placed on individual members of the Armed Forces because of reduced staffing and increased task complexity. Yet training comes at a significant financial cost: roughly one third of the total defense budget in fiscal year 2012 is devoted to training. Moreover, military operations directly impact the environments in which they are carried out, while also burning significant quantities of fossil fuels. Broad societal, government-wide, and Department of Defense commitments to improved environmental management together with fiscal austerity measures enacted in response to the financial crisis will increasingly bound the scope of training operations, potentially limiting their utility. Often the challenges these bounds bring are approached only as a zero-sum problem of balancing interests, as exemplified by the 2008 Supreme Court trial over sonar training by the U.S. Navy. However, scientific advances have improved the understanding of physical phenomena and, together with innovations in modeling techniques and advances in computational power, this has enabled simulation-based training to augment live-action training for many military applications. In this paper, sonar training serves as an example through which to illustrate in broad overview the scientific and technological advances that have enabled enhanced capabilities for simulation-based training. It also provides a framework through which to examine how these technologies should be best developed to address the unique demands imposed by environmental, fiscal, and security concerns. Beyond enhanced knowledge of the ocean environment, improved models of sound propagation and scattering within that environment, and new algorithms for real-time computation, effective simulation-based training also requires an understanding of how the learning process is mediated by the fidelity of the simulation. This, in turn, impacts the efficacy of simulation-based training and the cost of developing a training system. Such considerations are a necessary part of any system-engineering process if it is to ensure that a training technology satisfies the diverse demands imposed on it.
机译：各国政府和军方早就认识到，武装部队必须参加训练，以发展和保持必要的能力，以有效地履行其国家所负有的合法职责。由于减少了人员配备和增加了任务的复杂性，对武装部队个别成员的需求日益增加，这一点尤其突出。然而，培训会付出巨大的财务成本：2012财年国防预算总额的大约三分之一用于培训。此外，军事行动会直接影响其进行的环境，同时还会燃烧大量的化石燃料。社会，政府和国防部对改善环境管理的广泛承诺，以及为应对金融危机而采取的财政紧缩措施，将越来越多地限制培训活动的范围，并有可能限制其用途。通常，这些界限带来的挑战只是作为平衡利益的零和问题来解决的，例如2008年最高法院针对美国海军声纳训练进行的审判就是例证。但是，科学的进步提高了人们对物理现象的理解，再加上建模技术的创新和计算能力的提高，这使得基于模拟的训练能够为许多军事应用增加实战训练。在本文中，声纳训练是一个示例，通过它可以广泛地概述科学和技术的进步，这些进步使基于模拟的训练的功能得以增强。它还提供了一个框架，通过该框架可以研究如何最好地开发这些技术，以解决环境，财政和安全方面的独特需求。除了增强对海洋环境的了解，改进该环境中声音传播和散射的模型以及用于实时计算的新算法之外，基于模拟的有效培训还需要了解模拟的保真度如何介导学习过程。 。反过来，这会影响基于模拟的培训的效率以及开发培训系统的成本。如果要确保培训技术满足对其施加的各种要求，那么这些考虑是任何系统工程过程的必要组成部分。

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