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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of toxicology and environmental health, Part B. Critical reviews >Exposures and Health Outcomes in Relation to Bioaerosol Emissions From Composting Facilities: A Systematic Review of Occupational and Community Studies
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Exposures and Health Outcomes in Relation to Bioaerosol Emissions From Composting Facilities: A Systematic Review of Occupational and Community Studies

机译：与堆肥设施中生物气溶胶排放有关的暴露和健康结果：对职业和社区研究的系统评价

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The number of composting sites in Europe is rapidly increasing, due to efforts to reduce the fraction of waste destined for landfill, but evidence on possible health impacts is limited. This article systematically reviews studies related to bioaerosol exposures within and near composting facilities and associated health effects in both community and occupational health settings. Six electronic databases and bibliographies from January 1960 to July 2014 were searched for studies reporting on health outcomes and/or bioaerosol emissions related to composting sites. Risk of bias was assessed using a customized score. Five hundred and thirty-six papers were identified and reviewed, and 66 articles met the inclusion criteria (48 exposure studies, 9 health studies, 9 health and exposure studies). Exposure information was limited, with most measurements taken in occupational settings and for limited time periods. Bioaerosol concentrations were highest on-site during agitation activities (turning, shredding, and screening). Six studies detected concentrations of either Aspergillus fumigatus or total bacteria above the English Environment Agency's recommended threshold levels beyond 250 m from the site. Occupational studies of compost workers suggested elevated risks of respiratory illnesses with higher bioaerosol exposures. Elevated airway irritation was reported in residents near composting sites, but this may have been affected by reporting bias. The evidence base on health effects of bioaerosol emissions from composting facilities is still limited, although there is sufficient evidence to support a precautionary approach for regulatory purposes. While data to date are suggestive of possible respiratory effects, further study is needed to confirm this and to explore other health outcomes.
机译：由于努力减少运往填埋场的废物的比例，欧洲堆肥场的数量正在迅速增加，但有关对健康的潜在影响的证据有限。本文系统地回顾了与堆肥设施内部和附近的生物气溶胶暴露以及社区和职业健康环境中的相关健康影响相关的研究。搜索了1960年1月至2014年7月的六个电子数据库和书目，以研究报告与堆肥场所有关的健康结果和/或生物气溶胶排放量的研究。使用定制评分评估偏倚风险。鉴定和审查了536篇论文，符合纳入标准的66篇文章（48项暴露研究，9项健康研究，9项健康和暴露研究）。接触信息是有限的，大多数测量是在职业环境中进行的，且时间有限。在搅拌活动（转弯，切碎和筛分）中，生物气溶胶的浓度最高。六项研究检测到烟曲霉或总细菌的浓度超过了英国环境署建议的距现场250 m以上的阈值水平。对堆肥工人的职业研究表明，较高的生物气溶胶暴露会增加患呼吸道疾病的风险。据报堆肥场所附近居民气道刺激性升高，但这可能受到报告偏差的影响。尽管有足够的证据支持出于监管目的采取预防措施，但基于堆肥设施中生物气溶胶排放对健康的影响的证据仍然有限。尽管迄今为止的数据提示可能的呼吸作用，但仍需进一步研究以证实这一点并探索其他健康结果。

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