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首页> 外文期刊>Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences >Involvement of microorganisms other than pseudomonad's on the degradation of the non-fumigant organophosphate nematicide fenamiphos.
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Involvement of microorganisms other than pseudomonad's on the degradation of the non-fumigant organophosphate nematicide fenamiphos.

机译：假单胞菌以外的其他微生物参与了非熏蒸性有机磷酸酯杀线虫剂灭草胺的降解。

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Fenamiphos is a broad spectrum, non-volatile, systemic, organophosphorus nematicide extensively used throughout the world to control plant-parasitic nematodes. The efficacy of this nematicide can decrease in soils where microorganisms accumulate that are capable of rapidly degrading the active ingredient. Among the documented microorganisms to degrade organophosphate compounds, Pseudomonas spp. was frequently identified. However, it still not clear whether or not this bacterial genus is the major responsible one in the biodegradation process. Our objective was to study the roll of Pseudomonas spp. and other soil bacteria on the degradation of fenamiphos in soils with different nematicide application history. In some of these soils fenamiphos metabolizing microorganisms were found, whereas in others not. For example, a soil with 42 fenamiphos applications during 16 years neither contained Pseudomonas spp. nor biodegrading microorganisms. In two different soils, both with 25 fenamiphos applications in 12 years and containing metabolizing microorganisms, only one of them contained Pseudomonas spp., demonstrating that the nematicide was rapidly metabolized by microorganisms other than Pseudomonas spp. Conversely, a control soil, with no previous nematicide application history, contained the highest number of Pseudomonas spp. of all soils analyzed. The number of bacteria of this genus could be increased when compost was added, although this did not alter the lack of the fenamiphos degradation process, even after six weeks and three consecutive nematicide treatments. The Pseudomonas diversity of the non-degrading control soil was composed of P. putida (50%), P. fluorescens (31%), P. syringae (13%) and P. chlororaphis (6%) according to gas chromatography identification. Individual analysis of the Pseudomonas spp. bacteria showed that none were capable of metabolizing fenamiphos in vitro. In conclusion, we demonstrated that Pseudomonas spp. are not intrinsically capable of fenamiphos metabolization. We also found that Pseudomonas spp. may not always accumulate upon fenamiphos treatment and that there are other microorganisms able to metabolize this nematicide.
机译：Fenamiphos是一种广谱，非挥发性，系统性有机杀线虫剂，在世界范围内广泛用于控制植物寄生线虫。在杀虫剂能够迅速降解活性成分的土壤中，这种杀线虫剂的功效会降低。在有记载的可降解有机磷酸盐化合物的微生物中，假单胞菌属。经常被发现。然而，尚不清楚该细菌属是否是生物降解过程中的主要负责人。我们的目标是研究假单胞菌属植物。和其他土壤细菌对具有不同杀线虫剂施用历史的土壤中苯胺磷的降解。在这些土壤中的某些土壤中，发现了可分离出苯胺磷的微生物，而在其他土壤中则没有。例如，在16年中施用42份灭草胺的土壤均不含假单胞菌。也不能生物降解微生物。在两种不同的土壤中，均在12年内施用25份苯乙胺磷并含有代谢微生物，其中只有一种含有假单胞菌属，表明杀线虫剂被假单胞菌属以外的其他微生物迅速代谢。相反，没有杀线虫剂使用史的对照土壤中，假单胞菌的数量最多。所有被分析的土壤。当添加堆肥时，该属细菌的数量可以增加，尽管即使经过六周和三个连续的杀线虫剂处理后，这也不会改变缺乏苯乙磷的降解过程。根据气相色谱法鉴定，非降解对照土壤的假单胞菌多样性由恶臭假单胞菌（50％），荧光假单胞菌（31％），丁香假单胞菌（13％）和氯化假单胞菌（6％）组成。假单胞菌属的个体分析。细菌显示，没有一种细菌能够在体外代谢非那磷。总之，我们证明了假单胞菌属。没有内在的能力使fenamiphos代谢。我们还发现了假单胞菌。可能不会在使用苯胺磷后累积，并且还有其他微生物能够代谢该杀线虫剂。

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