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首页> 外文期刊>Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences >TRITICALE POWDERY MILDEW: POPULATION CHARACTERIZATION AND WHEAT GENE EFFICIENCY
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TRITICALE POWDERY MILDEW: POPULATION CHARACTERIZATION AND WHEAT GENE EFFICIENCY

机译：小麦粉的繁殖力：人口特性和小麦基因效率

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摘要

Powdery mildew has emerged on triticale in the early 2000s in many locations, probably due to a host range expansion of the wheat formae speciales, Blumeria Sraminis f.sp. tritici. Many triticale cultivars are highly susceptible to powdery mildew, mainly in seedling stage, revealing a probably narrow genetic basis for powdery mildew resistance genes (Pm). Moreover, as Blumeria graminis is an obligate biotrophic fungus, it is very time consuming and difficult to maintain powdery mildew isolates for anon-specialized laboratory and populations can evolve. In order to identify wheat Pm genes efficient against natural populations of powdery mildew, wheat differential hosts and triticale seedlings were inoculated below susceptible triticale crop naturally contaminated by mildew, in several locations and several years. Symptoms on seedlings were measured after approximately two weeks of incubation in favorable fungus growth conditions. According to these data, we classified the Pm genes presents in our wheat differential hosts set in 3 classes: Pm already overcame by triticale powdery mildew, Pm having variable effects and Pm still efficient against triticale mildew. Data on triticale seedlings allowed us to identify some few triticale cultivars resistant to Blumeria sraminis in seedling stage. We will try to identify Pm genes present in those cultivars next year by testing them with the characterized isolates of powdery mildew from Gent University. Nevertheless, interspecific crossing of wheat, resistant to powdery mildew in seedling stage, and rye have been initiated to introduce potentially interesting genes for resistance in triticale.
机译：在2000年代初期，许多地方的黑小麦上都出现了白粉病，这可能是由于小麦专用种Blumeria Sraminis f.sp.的寄主范围扩大所致。小麦。许多黑小麦品种对白粉病高度敏感，主要在苗期，这揭示了白粉病抗性基因（Pm）的狭窄遗传基础。此外，由于格鲁米亚芽孢杆菌是专性的生物营养真菌，因此非常耗时且难以为非专业实验室维持白粉病菌的分离，并且种群会不断发展。为了鉴定对白粉病自然种群有效的小麦Pm基因，在几个地点和几年中，将小麦差异寄主和小黑麦幼苗接种在受到霉菌自然污染的易感黑小麦作物下。在有利的真菌生长条件下孵育大约两周后，测量幼苗的症状。根据这些数据，我们将小麦差异宿主中存在的Pm基因分为3类：Pm已被黑小麦白粉病克服，Pm具有可变作用，而Pm仍然有效对抗黑小麦白粉病。小黑麦幼苗的数据使我们能够鉴定出一些对苗期白粉病菌具有抗性的小黑麦品种。明年，我们将通过用根特大学（Gent University）特有的白粉病菌分离株进行检测，以尝试鉴定这些品种中存在的Pm基因。然而，已经启动了小麦的种间杂交，在幼苗期对白粉病的抗性和黑麦，以在黑小麦中引入潜在的有趣的抗性基因。

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