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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Zoology >The effects of predators on fragmented prey populations: a case study for the conservation of endangered prey
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The effects of predators on fragmented prey populations: a case study for the conservation of endangered prey

机译：捕食者对零散的猎物种群的影响：以保护濒危猎物为例的案例研究

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摘要

We considered the problem of conserving small populations of prey by reviewing observatonal and field experiments in search of general answers to the question of how predators impact upon their prey. We then explored the likely effectiveness of predator control as a conservation tool by simulating a small, fragmented population of prey. We chose red grouse in Britain as an example of this general predicament. An individual-based population simulation model was used to simulate the fate of a small red grouse population. The model was used to investigate the relative impacts of predation, habitat changes and stochastic factors associated with small population size on the viability of the population. Although most predator-prey studies have been undertaken in temperate regions and only four studies found evidence of regulation, some generalizations arose. Predation can limit populations but generally did not drive the prey population to extinction. Extinction was more likely in cases involving an introduced predator on islands or in isolated prey populations. The simulation model showed that at small population sizes the stochastic factors were always significant, whereas environmental variation and habitat change had the greatest impact on large populations over the long term; predation was only a significant threatening factor when it occurred at a high rate, was more severe over the long term when predators took a constant proportion of the prey base, and when predation was across all age classes.
机译：我们通过观察天文台和野外实验，以寻找对捕食者如何影响其猎物的一般答案，从而研究了保护小部分猎物的问题。然后，我们通过模拟一小块零散的猎物，探索了捕食者控制作为保护工具的可能有效性。我们以英国的红色松鸡为例来说明这种普遍困境。基于个人的人口模拟模型用于模拟小松鸡种群的命运。该模型用于调查捕食，栖息地变化和与人口规模较小相关的随机因素对种群生存能力的相对影响。尽管大多数捕食者-猎物研究是在温带地区进行的，只有四项研究发现了调节的证据，但还是有一些概括。捕食可以限制种群，但通常不会使猎物种群灭绝。在岛屿上或孤立的猎物种群中引入捕食者的情况下，灭绝的可能性更大。模拟模型表明，在小规模种群中，随机因素总是很重要，而长期来看，环境变化和生境变化对大种群的影响最大。当捕食率很高时，捕食只是一个重要的威胁因素，从长期来看，当捕食者占据恒定比例的猎物，并且在所有年龄段捕食时，捕食都更为严重。

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