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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Zoology >Variation in abundance of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) between three regions of rural Britain, in relation to landscape and other variables
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Variation in abundance of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) between three regions of rural Britain, in relation to landscape and other variables

机译：英国乡村三个地区之间狐狸（狐狸狐）的丰度变化与景观和其他变量的关系

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Spotlight transect surveys with distance sampling were used to estimate spring (pre-breeding) and autumn (post-production) fox Vulpes vulpes densities in three contrasting rural areas of Britain during 1995-97. This was the first attempt in Britain to measure and compare fox densities over large geographical areas (630-1460 km~2). Mean post-production fox abundance was estimated to be 0.90/km~2, 2.62/km~2, and 0.59/km~2 in mid-Wales, the east Midlands and East Anglia, falling to pre-breeding levels of 0.41/km~2, 1.17/km~2, and 0.61/km~2 in spring. As relative measures of regions density, these estimates are strongly supported by independent indices of fox abundance, and by the simultaneous survey of two sympatric species, the badger Meles meles and brown hare Lepus europaeus, which demonstrate the absence of any terrain-related bias. Absolute abundance is less easy to verify, but estimates of spring density based on breeding earth censuses support the transect surveys. For two of the three regions, fox density was close to levels predicted by extrapolation on the basis of landscape, but in the third region (East Anglia), fox density was substantially below prediction. Thus, results failed to support a hypothesis that fox abundance can be predicted solely on the basis of landscape and its close correlates. Rather, they favoured a competing hypothesis that an independent factor determines fox abundance in some regions. A likely factor is culling by man.
机译：在1995-97年间，英国三个对比鲜明的农村地区使用聚光灯横断面调查和距离采样来估计春季（繁殖前）和秋季（繁殖后）狐狸狐狸的密度。这是英国首次尝试测量和比较大地理区域（630-1460 km〜2）的狐狸密度。威尔士中部，中部东部和东安格利亚东部的平均狐狸产后平均丰度分别为0.90 / km〜2、2.62 / km〜2和0.59 / km〜2，降至繁殖前水平0.41 / km春季为〜2、1.17 / km〜2和0.61 / km〜2。作为区域密度的相对度量，这些估计值得到了狐狸丰度的独立指标的大力支持，并且同时进行了对两种同胞物种,、梅勒斯梅尔斯和褐野兔欧洲狼疮的同时调查，这表明没有任何地形相关的偏见。绝对丰度较难验证，但基于繁殖土壤普查得出的春季密度估算值可支持横断面调查。对于这三个区域中的两个，狐狸密度接近根据地形推断得出的水平，但是在第三区域（东安格利亚），狐狸密度大大低于预测值。因此，结果未能支持这样的假设，即仅根据地形及其紧密相关性就可以预测狐狸的数量。相反，他们赞成一个竞争性假设，即一个独立因素决定某些地区的狐狸数量。一个可能的因素是人为扑杀。

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