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首页> 外文期刊>Journal Of The South African Institute Of Mining & Metallurgy >Application of an environmental valuation approach that incorporates externality costs in sustainability decision-making of the metallurgical sector
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Application of an environmental valuation approach that incorporates externality costs in sustainability decision-making of the metallurgical sector

机译：在冶金行业的可持续性决策中应用将外部成本纳入在内的环境评估方法

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摘要

Consideration of the economic, environmental, and social impacts associated with the life cycle of a technology is of increasing importance for decision making in industry. It has been suggested that economic assessment of technology deployment projects requires the translation of associated environmental effects into monetary values. This paper introduces an approach for identifying and evaluating environmental damage in monetary terms. The approach groups the environmental impacts associated with a technology life cycle system into lour main criteria: air. water, land, and mined abiotic resources. The valuation of the impacts on the resources consists of an economic cost benefit analysis (CBA) procedure that comprises four steps: the compiling of an impact inventory, a monetary valuation of the inventory. discounting, and a risk/uncertainty analysis. The monetary valuation step for impacts on air resources is primarily based on published externality costs for Europe and the United Stales, which are adopted and converted to reflect the South Alrican context. Local opportunity costs are utilized for the other resource criteria. The damage costs are transformed into South African Rand at 2005 prices. The paper demonstrates how the approach may be applied in the assessment of projects in the metallurgical industry. Shortcomings in the approach are identified. For example, not all of the aspects that are considered necessary to assess environmental performances comprehensively can be valued in monetary terms. Also, certain values, specifically those pertaining to opportunity costs, need to be determined on a case by case basis. Eurthermore, the uncertainties associated with the indicators obtained may strongly influence the usability of the results ol an environmental performance assessment, e.g. fnturee damage costs will change with fluctuations in the markets. It is concluded that although such an approach has merit in increasing the understanding of the potential financial implications of a technology's environmental performance, further research is required to improve the approach described if it is to be used further in the South African metallurgical industry. Damage cost estimates that are specific to South Africa need to be developed to reduce uncertainty, and the combination of both quantitative and qualitative approaches is recommended for comprehensive sustain ability decision making.
机译：与技术生命周期相关的经济，环境和社会影响的考虑对于行业决策越来越重要。有人建议，对技术部署项目进行经济评估需要将相关的环境影响转化为货币价值。本文介绍了一种用于识别和评估货币环境损害的方法。该方法将与技术生命周期系统相关的环境影响归类为主要标准：空气。水，土地和开采的非生物资源。对资源影响的评估包括经济成本收益分析（CBA）程序，该程序包括四个步骤：影响清单的编制，清单的货币估价。贴现和风险/不确定性分析。对空气资源造成影响的货币估值步骤主要基于欧洲和美国联合航空公司公布的外部成本，这些成本已被采用和转换以反映南阿尔里坎的情况。本地机会成本被用于其他资源标准。损失成本按2005年的价格转换为南非兰特。本文演示了如何将该方法应用于冶金行业的项目评估。确定了该方法的缺点。例如，并非所有被认为是全面评估环境绩效所必需的方面都可以用金钱来评估。而且，某些值，特别是与机会成本有关的值，需要根据具体情况确定。此外，与所获得的指标相关的不确定性可能强烈影响结果的可用性，例如环境绩效评估。未来的破坏成本将随着市场的波动而变化。结论是，尽管这种方法有助于增进人们对技术对环境绩效的潜在财务影响的理解，但如果要在南非冶金行业中进一步使用该方法，则需要进行进一步的研究以改进所描述的方法。需要制定针对南非的损失成本估算，以减少不确定性，建议将定量和定性方法相结合以进行全面的可持续能力决策。

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