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首页> 外文期刊>Journal Of The South African Institute Of Mining & Metallurgy >Observations and analyses of roof guttering in a coal mine
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Observations and analyses of roof guttering in a coal mine

机译：煤矿顶板排水沟的观测与分析

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Underground observations in a coal mine have indicated failure of the immediate roof above the bords. Careful observations and photographic recording of occurrences of these roof failures, termed 'roof guttering', have been made. The occurrence of guttering results directly in roof instability, and indirectly, due to the interaction of the guttering with natural planes of weaknesses in the immediate roof rock. In this paper, relevant observations of roof guttering, possible mechanisms of formation of roof gutters, laboratory testing for determination of material strength and deformation properties, and numerical analyses to explain underground observations are described. Mapping of roof failures showed that these took place mainly towards the centre of the roadways. Roof guttering was observed often to occur violently and with little warning. Occurrence of roof guttering has a negative impact on production-some panels are abandoned, production times are increased and safety of workers is compromised. The numerical stress analyses showed that, although none of the constitutive behaviour criteria used predicted the observed underground failures correctly, the extension strain criterion gave the best agreement. Once the root cause of roof guttering is understood it may then be possible to contain failure by optimization of excavation shape and positioning, or through the design and installation of an effective and efficient support system. The consequence would be improved safety, which should result in maximum extraction of the mineral reserves in a safe manner. The material in this paper contributes towards the understanding of stress distributions around bord and pillar geometries, the associated stress induced instability observed in a coal mine, and a better understanding of the guttering phenomenon.
机译：在煤矿中进行的地下观测表明，博尔德上方的直接顶板已失效。对这些屋顶故障的发生进行了仔细的观察和照相记录，称为“屋顶排水沟”。檐槽的出现直接导致了顶板的不稳定性，并且间接地由于檐槽与紧邻的顶板岩石中的薄弱自然平面的相互作用而导致顶板的不稳定性。本文介绍了屋檐排水沟的相关观测资料，屋檐排水沟形成的可能机理，确定材料强度和变形特性的实验室测试以及解释地下观测资料的数值分析。顶板故障的测绘表明，这些故障主要发生在巷道中心。经常观察到屋顶檐沟剧烈发生，几乎没有警告。发生屋顶天沟对生产有负面影响，一些面板被废弃，生产时间增加，工人的安全受到损害。数值应力分析表明，尽管所使用的本构行为准则均不能正确预测所观察到的地下破坏，但延伸应变准则能给出最佳的一致性。一旦了解了屋顶排水沟的根本原因，则可以通过优化开挖形状和位置，或者通过设计和安装有效而高效的支撑系统来遏制故障。结果将是提高安全性，这将导致以安全的方式最大程度地开采矿产储量。本文中的材料有助于理解围绕矿井和矿井几何形状的应力分布，在煤矿中观察到的应力引发的不稳定性，以及对排水现象的更好理解。

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