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首页> 外文期刊>Journal Of The South African Institute Of Mining & Metallurgy >A step towards combating rockburst damage by using sacrificial support
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A step towards combating rockburst damage by using sacrificial support

机译：通过牺牲支持对抗岩爆伤害的步骤

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Rockbursts continue to be a major contributor to mine accidents and cause of damage to mine excavations, particularly at great depth. The problem of rockbursts has also escalated in civil engineering tunnels driven at depth, due to high levels of in situ stress at such depths. Attempts have been made in the past to mitigate the impact of rockbursts, with rock support remaining the ultimate method for providing stability in rockbursting environments. However, records show that, on many occasions, conven tional support elements such as rockbolts, wire mesh, shotcrete, and lacing fail to withstand severe rockburst events. Recently, a support method termed 'sacrificial' support was proposed as a potential additional method to prevent rockburst damage, based on observations made after rockburst events in a mine. The philosophy behind a sacrificial support system is that, under dynamic loading conditions, support in the form of a liner must fail; leaving behind, undamaged, what was previously supported rock mass. The sacrificial support concept reported herein is applicable in situations where the source (i.e. seismic event) of the rockburst is located remote from where rockburst damage is likely to occur. Spalling tests based on the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique were conducted to study some aspects of dynamic rock fracturing in tension at high strain rates and the role a sacrificial layer plays in combating dynamic rock failure. A single Hopkinson pressure bar, with a long cylindrical intact rock specimen attached at the bar free end, was impacted by a striker on the opposite free end in order to generate a dynamic stress pulse responsible for spall failure upon reflection from the specimen free end. Different liners and liner combinations were then introduced at the specimen free end as support. Such a simple, yet robust, experimental set-up allowed the potential benefits and failure mechanisms associated with sacrificial support under dynamic loading to be demonstrated and compared with 'sacrificial support' behaviour observed in real rockburst events in a mine. Analysis of the results revealed that varying liner thickness and mechanical impedance between rock and support liner play a significant role in Umiting rockburst damage.
机译：岩爆仍然是造成地雷事故和造成地雷开挖损坏的主要原因，尤其是在深部。由于在这种深度的土层应力很高，因此在深度驱动的土木工程隧道中，岩爆问题也已升级。过去已经尝试减轻岩爆的影响，而岩石支撑仍然是在岩爆环境中提供稳定性的最终方法。但是，记录显示，在许多情况下，传统的支撑元件（如锚杆，金属丝网，喷射混凝土和鞋带）无法承受严重的岩爆事件。最近，根据矿井中岩爆事件后的观察结果，提出了一种称为“牺牲”支撑的支撑方法，作为防止岩爆破坏的潜在附加方法。牺牲支撑系统的基本原理是，在动态载荷条件下，衬板形式的支撑必须失效。留下完好的原先支撑的岩石。本文报道的牺牲支撑概念适用于岩爆源（即地震事件）远离可能发生岩爆破坏的地方。进行了基于分裂霍普金森压力棒（SHPB）技术的剥落测试，以研究高应变率下动态岩石在拉伸中的断裂问题，以及牺牲层在抵抗动态岩石破坏中的作用。一根霍普金森压力棒的自由端连接有一根长圆柱完整岩石样品，该冲击棒在相反的自由端受到撞针的冲击，以便产生动态应力脉冲，该脉冲在试样自由端反射时引起剥落破坏。然后在标本的自由端引入不同的衬里和衬里组合作为支撑。这种简单但强大的实验设置可以显示与动态载荷下牺牲支撑相关的潜在利益和破坏机制，并将其与在矿山真实岩爆事件中观察到的“牺牲支撑”行为进行比较。结果分析表明，改变衬砌厚度和岩石与支撑衬砌之间的机械阻抗在缓解岩爆破坏中起着重要作用。

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