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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Wildlife Management >Mass emigration of arctic tundra caribou from a traditional winter range: population dynamics and physical condition.
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Mass emigration of arctic tundra caribou from a traditional winter range: population dynamics and physical condition.

机译：北极苔原驯鹿从传统的冬季范围大规模迁徙：种群动态和身体状况。

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Major declines of populations of caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) that permanently reside on Arctic tundra have been attributed to short-term inaccessibility of forage through restrictive snow cover. Such density-independent phenomena wouldproduce unpredictable changes in populations of Arctic tundra caribou. In 1985, Inuit correctly predicted mass emigration from the winter range of a caribou subpopulation on Foxe Peninsula (FP), southern Baffin Island, Canada. During 1982-94, we conducted aerial surveys, satellite telemetry, and physical condition studies to examine features of the predicted range shift. Between 1984 and 1992, caribou density on upland terrain on FP dropped (P<0.001) from 6.2 to 0.3 caribou/km2. Cows began to emigrate en masse during winter 1988-89 (P=0.10) toward Meta Incognita Peninsula (MIP), where caribou showed greater fidelity to that wintering area during 1988-94 (P=0.005). Density of caribou on upland terrain on MIP increased (P=0.001) from 0.2 to 5.0 caribou/km2 between 1982 and 1992. In April 1992, body size did not differ (P>=0.47) between FP and MIP. Cows on MIP had greater (P<=0.04) fat and muscle reserves than cows on FP, while only fat reserves of MIP bulls were greater than (P<=0.03) those of FP bulls. Our results support Inuit observations of declining physical condition of FP caribou in the early 1980's, and their view that the range shift was caused by cumulative annual overgrazing of the winter range during the previous 10 to 30 yr. Fewer cows on FPwere pregnant (2 of 8) than on MIP (10 of 10; P=0.002). Calf:cow ratios were higher (P=0.05) on MIP than on FP in 1992. Although few caribou had occupied MIP for 50 yr before 1988-89. MIP caribou were in relatively poor condition by April 1992 compared to those on overgrazed Coats Island during mild winters. Winter range shifts and population declines by Arctic tundra caribou may be predictable. Ecological indicators may enable managers to mitigate the effects of overgrazing on caribou populations through intensive harvesting at critical stages during long-term population increases.
机译：永久留在北极苔原上的驯鹿和驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus）种群的大量减少归因于通过有限的积雪短期无法获得饲料。这种与密度无关的现象将在北极冻原驯鹿种群中产生不可预测的变化。 1985年，因纽特人正确地预测了加拿大南部巴芬岛福克斯半岛（FP）驯鹿亚种群冬季范围内的大规模迁徙。在1982-94年间，我们进行了航空勘测，卫星遥测和身体状况研究，以检查预测的范围偏移的特征。在1984年至1992年之间，FP的高地地形上的驯鹿密度从6.2 / 0.3平方千米/平方千米下降（P <0.001）。奶牛在1988-89年冬季（P = 0.10）开始向Meta Incognita半岛（MIP）大规模迁徙，在那里驯鹿对1988-94年冬季区域表现出更高的忠诚度（P = 0.005）。在1982年至1992年之间，MIP上高地地形上的驯鹿密度从0.2到5.0驯鹿/ km2增加（P = 0.001）。1992年4月，FP和MIP之间的体型没有差异（P> = 0.47）。 MIP母牛的脂肪和肌肉储备比FP母牛高（P <= 0.04），而MIP公牛的脂肪储备却高于FP公牛的（P <= 0.03）。我们的研究结果支持因纽特人对1980年代初期FP驯鹿的身体状况下降的观察，他们的观点是幅度变化是由过去10到30年期间冬季范围的累计年度过度放牧引起的。 FP上的母牛（8头中的2头）比MIP上（10头中的10头; P = 0.002）少。 1992年，MIP上的小牛：牛比率高于FP。（P = 0.05）。尽管在1988-89年之前的50年中，很少有驯鹿占领MIP。与温和的冬季相比，到1992年4月，与在过度放牧的高士岛上的驯鹿相比，MIP驯鹿的状况相对较差。北极苔原驯鹿的冬季范围变化和人口下降可能是可以预见的。生态指标可以使管理者通过在长期人口增加的关键阶段进行密集的收获来减轻过度放牧对驯鹿种群的影响。

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