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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Wildlife Management >Using Double-Observer Aerial Surveys to Monitor Nesting Bald Eagles in Alaska: Are All Nests Available for Detection?
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Using Double-Observer Aerial Surveys to Monitor Nesting Bald Eagles in Alaska: Are All Nests Available for Detection?

机译：使用双观察员航空测量来监视阿拉斯加筑巢的白头鹰：是否可以检测到所有巢穴？

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The abundance of nesting eagles is often identified as the parameter of primary interest for monitoring their populations. We compared the standard dual-frame estimator, which is recommended in the bald eagle post-delisting monitoring plan, with a Bayesian multistate capture-recapture approach to estimate the total number and number of active nests (nests with incubating adults) along the remote Kenai Fjords National Park coastline from 2009 to 2012. Two independent observers conducted aerial surveys of random transects during peak nest initiation in May. Both methods produced similar estimates of nest abundance, but the Bayesian multistate model allowed more flexibility to accommodate shifting management priorities. Estimates of the total number of nests and the number of active nests increased by approximately 49% between 2009 and 2012. This increase was much greater than expected based on feasible rates of nest loss and creation for our study area, indicating apparent estimator bias. Survey-specific conditions (e.g., aircraft height) that made some nests unavailable to both observers were the most likely cause of the bias. We recommend that bald eagle nest monitoring include 2 surveys during the early breeding season to reduce bias of annual capture-recapture estimators. Our results demonstrate that incomplete availability may be an important source of bias for many double-observer aerial wildlife surveys. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
机译：经常将巢鹰的数量确定为监测其种群的主要关注参数。我们将秃头鹰退役后监测计划中推荐的标准双帧估计器与贝叶斯多状态捕获-捕获方法进行了比较，以估算偏远基奈地区活动巢的总数和数量（成年幼鸟的巢）峡湾国家公园从2009年到2012年的海岸线。两名独立观察员在5月峰窝萌发期间对随机样带进行了航测。两种方法都产生了类似的巢丰富度估计值，但是贝叶斯多状态模型允许更大的灵活性来适应不断变化的管理优先级。在2009年至2012年之间，对巢的总数和活动巢的数量的估计增加了约49％。根据我们研究区域的可行的巢损失和增产率，这一增长远大于预期，表明明显的估计偏差。导致两个观察者都无法使用某些巢的特定于调查的条件（例如飞机高度）是造成偏差的最可能原因。我们建议在繁殖初期对白头鹰巢进行监测，以减少年度捕获-捕获估计量的偏差。我们的结果表明，对于许多双重观察者进行的空中野生动植物调查，可用性不完全可能是造成偏差的重要原因。 2014年出版。本文是美国政府的工作，在美国属于公共领域。

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