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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of women’s health >Prevalence of traditional cardiac risk factors and secondary prevention among patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI): Variation by age, sex, and race
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Prevalence of traditional cardiac risk factors and secondary prevention among patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI): Variation by age, sex, and race

机译：急性心肌梗死（AMI）住院患者中传统心脏危险因素的流行和二级预防：年龄，性别和种族的差异

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Background: Modification of traditional cardiac risk factors is an important goal for patients after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Risk factor prevalence and secondary prevention efforts at discharge are well characterized among older patients; however, research is limited for younger and minority AMI populations, particularly among women. Methods: Among 2369 AMI patients enrolled in a 19-center prospective study, we compared the prevalence and cumulative number of five cardiac risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, current smoking, diabetes, obesity) by age, sex, and race. We also compared secondary prevention strategies at discharge for these risk factors, including prescription of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications and counseling on preventive behaviors (smoking cessation, diabetes management, diet/weight management). Results: Approximately 93% of patients had ≥1 risk factor, 72% had ≥2 factors, and 40% had ≥3 factors. The prevalence of multiple risk factors was markedly higher for blacks than for whites within each age-sex group; black women had the greatest risk factor burden of any subgroup (60% of older black women and 54% of younger black women had ≥3 risk factors). Secondary prevention efforts for smoking cessation were less common for black compared with white patients, and younger black patients were less often prescribed antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications compared with younger white patients. Conclusions: Multiple cardiac risk factors are highly prevalent in AMI patients, particularly among black women. Secondary prevention efforts, however, are less common for blacks compared to whites, especially among younger patients. Our findings highlight the need for improved risk factor modification efforts in these high-risk subgroups.
机译：背景：对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者而言，传统心脏危险因素的修改是一项重要目标。在老年患者中，危险因素的患病率和出院时的二级预防工作具有很好的特征。但是，针对年轻和少数AMI人群（尤其是女性）的研究非常有限。方法：在一项纳入19个中心前瞻性研究的2369名AMI患者中，我们按年龄，性别和种族比较了五个心脏危险因素（高血压，高胆固醇血症，目前吸烟，糖尿病，肥胖）的患病率和累积数。我们还针对这些危险因素比较了出院时的二级预防策略，包括服用降压药或降脂药的处方以及预防行为的建议（戒烟，糖尿病管理，饮食/体重管理）。结果：大约93％的患者具有≥1的危险因素，72％的患者具有≥2的因素，40％的患者具有≥3的因素。在每个年龄性别组中，黑人的多种危险因素患病率均明显高于白人。在所有亚组中，黑人妇女的危险因素负担最大（60％的老年黑人妇女和54％的年轻黑人妇女具有≥3的危险因素）。与白人患者相比，黑人在戒烟方面的二级预防工作较少见，而较年轻的黑人患者，较年轻的黑人患者较少开处方降压和降脂药物。结论：多种心脏危险因素在AMI患者中非常普遍，尤其是在黑人女性中。但是，与白人相比，黑人的二级预防工作较少见，尤其是在年轻患者中。我们的研究结果强调了在这些高风险亚组中需要改进风险因素的改进工作。

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