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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of research in nursing: JRN >Review: Working in collaboration with young people and health professionals: a staged approach to the implementation of a randomised controlled trial
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Review: Working in collaboration with young people and health professionals: a staged approach to the implementation of a randomised controlled trial

机译：审查：与年轻人和卫生专业人员合作：实施随机对照试验的分阶段方法

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摘要

Simple treatments, such as a pill that is thought to treat a condition, can easily be compared using a standard randomised controlled trial (RCT) by giving one group of subjects the pill and the other group a placebo. If the patients are randomly allocated to either group A (treatment) or group B (control) then there will probably be no significant differences between the groups (for example age, gender, ethnicity etc.). Thus, if there is a difference in outcomes (say group A gives better outcomes), then that difference is likely to be due to the treatment. It is crucial that the treatment is double blind, i.e. neither the subject nor investigator knows whether group A or B is the treatment group. If the subject knows they are receiving a treatment, then the placebo effect makes measuring any treatment effect impossible. Subjects may improve even after being given a placebo (sugar pill say) if they believe in its efficacy. Indeed they may suffer side effects known to be associated with the treatment, even if they are receiving the placebo. Such is the strength of the placebo effect, and the associated Hawthorn effect (things get better when they are being investigated) that whenever possible a double-blind RCT should be conducted. However, this is not always possible or even desirable.
机译：使用标准的随机对照试验（RCT），可以给一组受试者服用该药，而另一组服用安慰剂，可以轻松地比较简单的治疗方法，例如认为可以治疗某种疾病的药丸。如果将患者随机分配到A组（治疗）或B组（对照组），则各组之间可能没有显着差异（例如年龄，性别，种族等）。因此，如果结局存在差异（例如A组的结局更好），则该差异可能是由于治疗所致。至关重要的是，治疗必须是双盲的，即受试者和研究者都不知道治疗组是A组还是B组。如果受试者知道他们正在接受治疗，则安慰剂效应使测量任何治疗效应成为不可能。如果受试者相信安慰剂的功效，即使接受安慰剂（如糖丸）也可能会有所改善。实际上，即使他们正在接受安慰剂，他们也可能遭受已知与治疗有关的副作用。安慰剂效应和相关的山楂效应（正在研究的情况会变得更好）就是这种优势，因此，应尽可能进行双盲RCT。然而，这并不总是可能的，甚至是不希望的。

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