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首页> 外文期刊>菌蕈研究所研究報告 >Toward a deeper understanding of the nature of pleomorphism in conidial fungi
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Toward a deeper understanding of the nature of pleomorphism in conidial fungi

机译：深入了解分生孢子真菌多态性的本质

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We demonstrate that the major patterns of conidiogenesis can be linked in a developmental continuum with various intergrading forms, using our own microscopic data from three groups of conidial fungi, viz. beetle-gallery fungi, species of Eleutheromyces and their Hyphozyma synanamorphs, and those commonly called black yeasts or black meristematic fungi (BMF). The majority of these fungi are dimorphic and most patterns of conidiogenesis occurring on cells arising from hyphae also occur on yeast-like single cells; a fact previously overlooked probably because of their minute conidiogenous pegs. It appears that minor alterations in the balance of individual processes occurring during conidiogenesis can bring about marked differences in the final mode of conidiogenesis. Endoconidia are common in BMF, and darkly pigmented, thick-walled phialides occur in Capnobotryella renispora and Scleroconidioma sphagnicola. Various intergrading forms of conidiogenous cells are observed between this type of phialideand endoconidium-forming single cells. Our phylogenetic analyses of BMF showed that endoconidial taxa are distributed among at least four orders in the Ascomycota; Chaetothyriales, Dothideales, Capnodiales, and Pleosporales. Conidium ontogeny is thus a striking example of convergent evolution. Conidiogenesis may vary with strain and cultural conditions, and different forms of conidiogenous cells often develop from hyphae in close proximity or even from different loci on the same hypha or cell. Based onthese observations and because all the major modes of conidiogenesis are linked in a developmental continuum, we consider that many conidial fungi have acquired the ability to produce conidia through multiple modes of conidiogenesis and possess a mechanism controlling the expression or suppression (with varying degrees of strength depending on the fungus) of individual phenotypes.
机译：我们证明了分生孢子的主要模式可以使用三个分生孢子真菌，即我们的分生孢子真菌，在我们自己的显微数据中以各种过渡形式在发育连续体中联系起来。甲虫库真菌，伊勒酵母属菌种及其合子体，以及通常称为黑酵母或黑分生真菌（BMF）的菌种。这些真菌大多数是双态的，在菌丝产生的细胞上发生的大多数子生模式也发生在酵母样单细胞上。以前被忽视的事实可能是由于它们细小的子房钉。看起来在分生孢子发生过程中发生的各个过程的平衡上的细微变化可以在分生孢子发生的最终模式中带来明显的差异。内生细菌在BMF中很常见，色素沉着，厚壁的phialides出现在瑞氏囊菌和球形葡萄球菌中。在这种类型的phialide和形成内膜分生孢子的单细胞之间，观察到了各种分生形式的分生孢子细胞。我们对BMF的系统发育分析表明，子囊内膜类群至少分布在四个子囊中。甲壳纲，多齿纲，披肩纲和胸膜纲。分生孢子的个体发育因此是融合进化的一个显着例子。分生孢子可能随菌株和培养条件的不同而变化，不同形式的分生孢子细胞通常是由紧密靠近的菌丝甚至是同一菌丝或细胞上的不同基因座形成的。基于这些观察结果，并且因为所有主要的分生孢子模式都在一个发育连续体中联系在一起，所以我们认为许多分生孢子真菌已通过多种分生孢子模式获得了产生分生孢子的能力，并拥有控制表达或抑制的机制（不同程度的强度取决于真菌）的各个表型。

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