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Effects of elevated CO_2 concentration and temperature on seed production and nitrogen concentration in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

机译：CO_2浓度和温度升高对大豆种子产量和氮浓度的影响（Glycine max（L.）Merr。）

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摘要

The effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO_2]) and temperature and their interactions on leaf photosynthesis, reproductive processes, seed weight and seed nitrogen concentration ([N]) of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were investigated using temperature gradient chambers. Plants were grown under four regimes comprising two levels of [CO_2], ambient (LC) and ambient+ 200 |amol mol~(-1)(HC), and two levels of temperature, low (LT) and high (HT, LT+3 deg C). Plant and seed weights weresignificantly increased by elevated [CO_2] in both temperature regimes. Increased seed weight under elevated [CO_2] was mainly because of the production of more nodes and seeds per plant. Increased temperature significantly increased the number of seedsper plant but decreased individual seed weight in both [CO_2] regimes. Increased temperature therefore had no effect on seed weight. The increased seed number per plant in the HT regimes resulted from increased pod numbers per node. The light-saturatedphotosynthetic rate increased with increasing [CO_2] and temperature, presumably resulting in more seeds per plant. The reduction in individual seed weight with increased temperature was attributed mainly to lower individual seed growth rate and fewer cotyledon cells per seed. The reduction in individual seed weight with increased temperature was less pronounced in the HC regime than in the LC regime, and there was a significant interaction between [CO_2] and temperature. However, there was no interaction between [CO_2] and temperature for seed weight. Neither individual effects nor interaction of [CO_2] and temperature were observed for seed [N]. This study raises the possibility that projected increases in atmospheric [CO_2] during the 21st century will increase the yield of soybeans without decreasing seed [N] in regions that have near or below optimum temperatures (near 25 deg C or above) for soybean yield.
机译：研究了二氧化碳浓度（[CO_2]）和温度及其相互作用对大豆（Glycine max（L.）Merr。）叶片光合作用，繁殖过程，种子重量和种子氮浓度（[N]）的影响。温度梯度室。植物在四种状态下生长，包括两种水平的[CO_2]，环境（LC）和环境+ 200 | amol mol〜（-1）（HC），以及两种水平的温度，低（LT）和高（HT，LT + 3摄氏度）。在两种温度下，[CO_2]的升高显着增加了植物和种子的重量。在[CO_2]升高的条件下，种子重量增加，主要是由于每棵植物产生更多的节和种子。温度升高显着增加了每株种子的数量，但在两种[CO_2]方案中均降低了个体种子的重量。因此，温度升高对种子重量没有影响。在高温处理下，每棵植物的种子数增加是由于每个节点的豆荚数增加所致。光饱和光合速率随[CO_2]和温度的升高而增加，据推测每株植物会产生更多的种子。随着温度升高，单个种子重量的减少主要归因于单个种子生长速率降低和每个种子的子叶细胞减少。 HC方式的种子种子重量随温度降低的降低程度不如LC方式明显，[CO_2]与温度之间存在显着的相互作用。然而，[CO_2]和温度对种子重量没有相互作用。种子[N]均未观察到单独作用或[CO_2]与温度的相互作用。这项研究提出了以下可能性：在接近或低于最佳大豆生产温度（25摄氏度或以上）的地区，预计21世纪大气[CO_2]的增加将增加大豆的产量而不会降低种子[N]。

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