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Spatial extent and habitat context influence the nature and strength of relationships between urbanization measures

机译：空间范围和栖息地环境影响城市化措施之间关系的性质和强度

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摘要

A wide variety of metrics is used to quantify features of urbanization in ecological studies. Selecting statistically independent measures of urbanization depends upon the nature (multivariate collinearity) and strength (correlation coefficient) of correlations between urban metrics. We evaluated the influence of landscape extent and habitat context, factors that commonly differ between studies, on correlations between urban metrics. We examined the nature and strength of relationships between urban metrics at 1105 sites within Massachusetts, USA, including: population, agriculture cover, forest cover, wetland cover, dense residential cover, impervious surface cover, road length and greenspace cover. At each site, values were measured at five extents: 100m, 250m, 500m, 1km, and 2km radii buffers. We also investigated the influence of habitat context on correlations by measuring values with a 1km radius buffer for 100 sites within each of three habitat contexts (salt marsh, forest, and freshwater marsh). Principal component analysis showed that spatial scale did not affect the nature of relationships, but habitat context did. The average strength of bivariate correlations significantly increased at larger extents, and was significantly lower in salt marsh habitat context. Our results indicate that no single set of urbanization metrics is universally applicable and underline the importance of using a suite of statistical techniques to characterize independent aspects of urban environments.
机译：在生态学研究中，各种各样的指标被用来量化城市化的特征。选择统计上独立的城市化度量取决于城市度量标准之间相关性的性质（多元共线性）和强度（相关系数）。我们评估了景观范围和栖息地环境（研究之间通常存在差异的因素）对城市指标之间相关性的影响。我们研究了美国马萨诸塞州1105个地点的城市指标之间关系的性质和强度，这些指标包括：人口，农业覆盖率，森林覆盖率，湿地覆盖率，密集的居民覆盖率，不透水的表面覆盖率，道路长度和绿地覆盖率。在每个站点上，在五个范围内测量值：100m，250m，500m，1km和2km半径缓冲区。我们还通过在三个栖息地环境（盐沼，森林和淡水沼泽）中的每一个中使用100公里的1 km半径缓冲区测量值，研究了栖息地环境对相关性的影响。主成分分析表明，空间尺度不会影响关系的本质，但栖息地的环境会影响关系的本质。二元相关性的平均强度在较大程度上显着增加，而在盐沼栖息地环境中则显着降低。我们的结果表明，没有任何一套城市化指标可普遍适用，并强调了使用一套统计技术来表征城市环境独立方面的重要性。

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