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首页> 外文期刊>感染症学雑誌 >Alterations in epidemics and vaccination for measles during a 20 year period and a strategy for elimination in Kurashiki City, Japan
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Alterations in epidemics and vaccination for measles during a 20 year period and a strategy for elimination in Kurashiki City, Japan

机译：日本仓敷市20年内麻疹的流行和疫苗接种变化以及消除策略

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In Japan, an epidemic of measles occurs every few years. An estimated 100-200,000 people contract the disease each year and 50-100 patients die. Following the eradication of poliomyelitis, the World Health Organization made plans for global eradication of measles, and the Japanese Association of Pediatricians began advocating vaccination to eliminate measles in Japan by 2005. However, no big response has occurred nationwide. Therefore, we retrospectively look at changes in epidemics and measles vaccination during the past 20 years in Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture and developed a strategy for elimination through the results. The Japanese surveillance showed the numbers of measles patient in Okayama to be a few times higher than the mean number nationwide. The number of persons vaccinated was approximately 2,000-3,000 per year, while the number of births was about 6,000 per year. After passing a revised vaccination law in 1994, the number of vaccinations increased to more than 4,000, and the epidemic situation decreased to the nationwide level. However, the number of measles patients older than 15 years of age who were admitted to our hospital increased from 4% to 24% in the ratio to the whole. In the United States, school regulations require that children be vaccinated for MMR twice before admission to school, but the revised vaccination law in Japan was changed from a requirement to a recommendation. To eliminate measles, we should increase the vaccination rate for infants, and should vaccinate adolescents who have not been vaccinated or do not have a past history of measles. It is important to choose the subjects and then confirm their vaccination after the recommendation. We have developed a strategy that includes 1) advocacy for vaccination 2) selection for vaccination, 3) request for certification of vaccination, 4) convenience for vaccination. The goal after two years is for 1) a vaccination rate of more than 90% by end of one year of age, 2) a rate of vaccination and past history of measles in more than 90% of children before admission to kindergarten or public school.
机译：在日本，每隔几年就会发生麻疹流行病。每年估计有100-200,000人感染该病，而50-100位患者死亡。根除小儿麻痹症之后，世界卫生组织制定了全球根除麻疹的计划，日本儿科医生协会开始倡导在2005年前在日本消灭麻疹的疫苗接种。然而，全国范围内没有大的反应。因此，我们回顾性地研究了冈山县仓敷市过去20年中的流行病和麻疹疫苗接种情况的变化，并根据结果制定了消除策略。日本监测显示，冈山县的麻疹患者人数比全国平均数高出几倍。每年接种疫苗的人数约为2,000至3,000，而每年出生的人数约为6,000。在1994年通过了修订的疫苗接种法后，疫苗接种数量增加到4,000多种，疫情降至全国范围。但是，入院的15岁以上的麻疹患者总数从4％增加到24％。在美国，学校法规要求在入学前为儿童接种两次MMR疫苗，但日本修订后的疫苗接种法已从要求改为建议。为了消除麻疹，我们应该提高婴儿的疫苗接种率，并且应该给未接种疫苗或没有麻疹病史的青少年接种疫苗。重要的是选择受试者，然后在推荐后确认其疫苗接种。我们制定了一项策略，其中包括1）倡导疫苗接种2）选择疫苗接种，3）要求接种疫苗认证，4）接种疫苗的便利性。两年后的目标是：1）到一岁末疫苗接种率达到90％以上; 2）90％以上的儿童在入幼儿园或公立学校之前的疫苗接种率和过去的麻疹病史。

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