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首页> 外文期刊>Colloids and Surfaces, A. Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects >Measurements of the electric charge and surface potential on small aqueous drops in the air by applying the Millikan method
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Measurements of the electric charge and surface potential on small aqueous drops in the air by applying the Millikan method

机译：使用Millikan方法测量空气中小水滴上的电荷和表面电势

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The electric charge and the surface potential on small liquid drops formed from pure waters and various aqueous solutions in the air were measured by applying the well-known Millikan oil drop method. The measured values were then discussed in relation to the pH values, the valences and concentrations of different electrolytes, and ionic types of surfactants in the aqueous solutions. Pure water drops were all negatively charged in the air and have the strongest specific electric charge and surface potential. Their negative charge is caused by the specific adsorption of OH- anions onto the water-air interface. The electric charge on the deionized water (DIW) drops in the air was found to decrease once its pH value deviates from the equilibrium pH of the pure DIW. The aqueous drops were negatively charged if they were formed from the DIW solutions with an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and an electrolyte of NaCl or CaCl2, respectively. However, the electric charge on the aqueous drops became positive if the electrolyte AI(2)(SO4), was used instead. The positive charge may be due to the selective adsorption of trivalent cations, Al3+, onto the liquid-air interfaces. As expected, the aqueous drops were positively charged when they were formed from the solutions containing a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and sodium sulphate (Na2SO4). The absolute value of the electric charge on all the aqueous drops decreased with increasing the electrolyte concentrations in the aqueous solutions. All these measured results are in excellent accordance with the zeta potential of the air bubbles generated in the same aqueous solutions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. [References: 26]
机译：通过应用众所周知的Millikan油滴法，测量由纯水和空气中的各种水溶液形成的小液滴上的电荷和表面电势。然后讨论有关pH值，不同电解质的化合价和浓度以及水溶液中表面活性剂的离子类型的测量值。纯净的水滴都在空气中带负电荷，并且具有最强的比电荷和表面电势。它们的负电荷是由OH阴离子在水-空气界面上的特定吸附引起的。一旦去离子水（DIW）的pH值偏离纯DIW的平衡pH值，空气中的电荷就会减少。如果水滴是由DIW溶液分别与阴离子表面活性剂，十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和NaCl或CaCl2电解质形成的，则带负电荷。但是，如果改用电解质AI（2）（SO4），则水滴上的电荷将变为正电荷。正电荷可能是由于三价阳离子Al3 +选择性吸附到液-气界面上。如所预期的，当它们由包含阳离子表面活性剂，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）和硫酸钠（Na 2 SO 4）的溶液形成时，它们带正电。随着水溶液中电解质浓度的增加，所有水滴上的电荷的绝对值降低。所有这些测量结果都与在相同水溶液中产生的气泡的ζ电势非常吻合。 （C）1998 Elsevier Science B.V. [参考：26]

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