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Commercialization of Tissue-Based Research: Time to Move Beyond the Gift/Market Dichotomy

机译：组织研究的商业化：超越礼物/市场二分法的时间

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The Volume 10, Number 2 issue of Biopreservation and Biobanking features a call for thoughts on commercialization of tissue-based research. The call is pertinent: The construction, outcome, and sustainability of any biobank is interwoven with its economic infrastructure and yet the economic aspects of large-scale biobanking are underresearched and the debate often overly moralized. When moral judgment precedes proper analysis it produces a lack of theoretical rigor with respect to basic assumptions about both tissue and commercialization. Positions typically cluster around pro and con arguments for a ''market model'' or a ''gift model.'' As argued in a recent book, however, such framings misrepresent the options available in the real world.3 Practitioners know that money is important but also that material originating in the human body is associated with meanings that make it impossible to treat it as an ordinary commodity. For them, the question is not either/or, but how to maneuver in the unavoidable mixtures of modes of exchange. They need to approach donors with sensitivity to the special meanings and interests at stake for them, and they need to operate in a competitive medical research environment that is always interwoven with various forms of industry interest. It is not a solution to say ''it's just a market like any other'' and nor does it help to ignore, reject, or condemn the economic aspect of tissue-based research as ''commodification'' of human bodies.
机译：《生物保存和生物库》第10卷第2期特别呼吁人们对基于组织的研究的商业化进行思考。这个呼吁是相关的：任何生物库的建设，成果和可持续性都与其经济基础结构交织在一起，但是对大规模生物库的经济方面的研究不足，而且辩论常常过于道德化。当道德判断先于适当分析时，就组织和商业化这两个基本假设而言，就会缺乏理论上的严格性。职位通常集中在“市场模型”或“礼物模型”的赞成和反对论点上。然而，正如最近一本书中所论证的那样，这样的框架曲解了现实世界中可用的选择。3从业者知道金钱这很重要，但源于人体的物质也具有使人们无法将其视为普通商品的含义。对于他们而言，问题不是“要么”或“不是”，而是如何以不可避免的混合方式进行机动。他们需要接近对捐助者特殊含义和利益敏感的捐助者，并且他们需要在竞争激烈的医学研究环境中运作，该研究环境总是与各种形式的行业利益交织在一起。说“这是一个像其他市场一样的市场”不是解决方案，也无助于忽视，拒绝或谴责基于组织的研究的经济方面，即人体的“商品化”。

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