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首页> 外文期刊>Comparative Medicine >Histopatholoic changes in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle of rhesus macaques, ten days after exposure to soman (an organophosphorus nerve agent)
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Histopatholoic changes in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle of rhesus macaques, ten days after exposure to soman (an organophosphorus nerve agent)

机译：接触梭曼（有机磷神经制剂）十天后，恒河猴的大脑，心脏和骨骼肌的组织病理学变化

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Background and Purpose: Soman, an organophosphorus, anticholinergic, chemical warfare nerve agent, is studied at few research facilities, and there have been few pathologic studies of soman-exposed primates. We describe the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle lesions, review lesions described in literature, and discuss possible pharmacologic mechanisms for soman-induced neuron necrosis. Methods: In this retrospective, histopathologic study, records were obtained for 36 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that were euthanized 10 days after soman exposure, from a larger group of 103 monkeys that were exposed to soman and used for phrmacologic and letality studies. Results: Brain lesions were seen in 9 of 15 animals that convulsed and in only 1 of 21 thatdid not convulse. The brain lesions in our primates were limited to the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus (of one animal), and consisted of neuron necrosis and dropout, spongiosis, gliosis, astrocytosis, and vascularization. Heart lesions consisted ofmyocardial degeneration and necrosis. Three animals had brain and heart lesions, 7 had brain lesions only, and 3 had heart lesions only. Skeletal muscle lesions, although minimal to mild, were in most of the animals, whether they had convulsed, but mosthad muscular tremors. These lesions were in the biceps brachii (11 of 22 monkeys), anterior tibialis (8/22), biceps femoris (7/22), flexor carpi radialis (5/22), gastrocnemius (3/22), and diaphragm (1/22). The limited literature on soman lesions in primate brain and heart, and the limited information on skeletal muscle lesions, is reviewed. Conclusions: Brain lesions were not as wide-spread as reported in other studies of primates and rodents, and were significantly associated with convulsions. Unlikeother studies using rodents, we observed poor correlation between heart and brain lesions; thus, a single hypothesis to explain the pathogenesis for the brain and heart lesions may be difficult to establish.
机译：背景与目的：Soman是一种有机磷，抗胆碱能，化学战神经药，仅在很少的研究机构中进行研究，而且对接触soman的灵长类动物的病理研究也很少。我们描述了大脑，心脏和骨骼肌的病变，回顾了文献中描述的病变，并讨论了梭曼诱导的神经元坏死的可能药理机制。方法：在这项回顾性组织病理学研究中，从较大的103只猴子中接触了梭曼，并进行了肉眼学和伤亡研究，获得了36只猕猴在梭曼暴露后10天安乐死的记录。结果：在有抽搐的15只动物中有9只见脑损伤，而在没有抽搐的21只动物中只有1只见。在我们的灵长类动物中，脑部病变仅限于海马，杏仁核和丘脑（一只动物），并且由神经元坏死和脱落，海绵状变性，神经胶质增生，星形胶质细胞增多和血管形成组成。心脏病变包括心肌变性和坏死。三只动物的大脑和心脏有病变，七只只有脑部病变，三只只有心脏。骨骼肌病变虽然轻微或轻微，但大多数动物都患有抽搐，但大多数是肌肉震颤。这些病变位于肱二头肌（22只猴子中的11只），胫骨前（8/22），股二头肌（7/22），radial屈腕（5/22），腓肠肌（3/22）和diaphragm肌（1 / 22）。综述了关于灵长类动物大脑和心脏梭曼损伤的文献，以及有关骨骼肌损伤的信息。结论：脑部病变不像其他关于灵长类和啮齿类动物的研究报道的那样广泛，并且与抽搐显着相关。与其他使用啮齿动物的研究不同，我们观察到心脏和脑部病变之间的相关性很差。因此，可能难以建立单一假设来解释脑和心脏病变的发病机理。

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