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Segmented Filamentous Bacteria: Commensal Microbes with Potential Effects on Research

机译：分段丝状细菌：共生微生物对研究的潜在影响

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Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are commensal bacteria that were first identified in the ilea of mice and rats. Morphologically similar bacteria occur in a broad range of host species, but all strains have been refractory to in vitro culture thus far. Although SFB were once considered innocuous members of the intestinal microbiota of laboratory rodents, they are now known to affect the development of the immune system in rodents and, subsequently, the phenotype of models of both enteric and extraintestinal disease. Therefore, SFB represent long-recognized commensal bacteria serving as an intercurrent variable in studies using rodent models of disease. Here we describe the basic biology of SFB and discuss the immunologic and physiologic effects of colonization with SFB, with particular attention to their effects on rodent models of disease. In addition, we propose that SFB represent only the 'tip of the iceberg' in our understanding of the influence of the microbiota on model phenotypes. As next-generation sequencing techniques are increasingly used to investigate organisms that are refractory to culture, we are likely to identify other commensal microbes that alter the models we use. This review underscores the need to characterize such host microbe interactions, given that animal research represents a critical tool that is particularly vulnerable to scrutiny in an era of decreasing financial resources and increasing accountability for the use of animal models.
机译：分段丝状细菌（SFB）是共生细菌，最初是在小鼠和大鼠的回肠中发现的。形态相似的细菌存在于广泛的宿主物种中，但到目前为止，所有菌株都无法在体外培养。尽管SFB曾经被认为是实验室啮齿动物肠道菌群的无害成员，但现在已知它们会影响啮齿动物免疫系统的发育，进而影响肠道和肠道外疾病模型的表型。因此，SFB代表长期公认的共生细菌，在使用啮齿动物疾病模型的研究中，作为共生变量。在这里，我们描述了SFB的基本生物学原理，并讨论了SFB定植的免疫和生理效应，尤其要注意它们对啮齿动物模型的影响。此外，在我们对微生物群对模型表型的影响的理解中，我们建议SFB仅代表“冰山一角”。随着下一代测序技术越来越多地用于研究难以培养的生物，我们很可能会发现其他可改变我们所用模型的共生微生物。鉴于动物研究是一种至关重要的工具，在财政资源减少和使用动物模型的责任日益增加的时代，这种研究特别容易受到审查的影响，因此本综述强调了表征此类宿主微生物相互作用的必要性。

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