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首页> 外文期刊>Biology of the cell >Direct imaging electron microscopy (EM) methods in modern structural biology: Overview and comparison with X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-EM reconstruction in the studies of large macromolecules
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Direct imaging electron microscopy (EM) methods in modern structural biology: Overview and comparison with X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-EM reconstruction in the studies of large macromolecules

机译：现代结构生物学中的直接成像电子显微镜（EM）方法：在大分子研究中与X射线晶体学和单颗粒冷冻EM重建的概述和比较

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摘要

Determining the structure of macromolecules is important for understanding their function. The fine structure of large macromolecules is currently studied primarily by X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (EM) reconstruction. Before the development of these techniques, macromolecular structure was often examined by negative-staining, rotary-shadowing and freeze-etching EM, which are categorised here as direct imaging EM methods'. In this review, the results are summarised by each of the above techniques and compared with respect to four macromolecules: the ryanodine receptor, cadherin, rhodopsin and the ribosome-translocon complex (RTC). The results of structural analysis of the ryanodine receptor and cadherin are consistent between each technique. The results obtained for rhodopsin vary to some extent within each technique and between the different techniques. Finally, the results for RTC are inconsistent between direct imaging EM and other analytical techniques, especially with respect to the space within RTC, the reasons for which are discussed. Then, the role of direct imaging EM methods in modern structural biology is discussed. Direct imaging methods should support and verify the results obtained by other analytical methods capable of solving three-dimensional molecular architecture, and they should still be used as a primary tool for studying macromolecule structure in vivo.
机译：确定大分子的结构对于理解其功能很重要。目前主要通过X射线晶体学和单粒子冷冻电子显微镜（EM）重建研究大分子的精细结构。在这些技术发展之前，大分子结构经常通过负染色，旋转阴影和冷冻蚀刻EM进行检查，在这里被归类为直接成像EM方法。在这篇综述中，通过以上每种技术总结了结果，并与四种大分子进行了比较：ryanodine受体，cadherin，视紫红质和核糖体-translocon复合物（RTC）。每种技术之间的ryanodine受体和cadherin的结构分析结果是一致的。在每种技术内以及不同技术之间，视紫红质所获得的结果在一定程度上有所不同。最后，RTC的结果在直接成像EM和其他分析技术之间不一致，尤其是在RTC内的空间方面，对此进行了讨论。然后，讨论了直接成像EM方法在现代结构生物学中的作用。直接成像方法应支持并验证通过其他能够解析三维分子结构的分析方法获得的结果，并且它们仍应被用作研究体内大分子结构的主要工具。

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